Do now

–What is imperialism?–What were the motivations behind it?

Imperialism

Review

Imperialism

– When a stronger more powerful nation takes over a weaker nation

Motivations

– Raw Materials $– Racism– Social Darwinism– Nationalism

Africa

– The Europeans were interested in Africa for its raw materials and diamonds– Berlin Conference- A meeting between 14 European countries attempting to

prevent fighting by agreeing to notify other nations of what land they claimed. * Africa was not represented at this meeting

– Great Trek- when the Boers (Dutch) moved north in order to escape the British. However, they moved in the Zulu’s territory and took over

Africa

– Boer War- a fight between the Dutch and the British over land in Africa. The British won.

– Ethiopia was the only successful country to resist the Europeans

– Africans lost because they did not have the weapons or $

Africa

– Negative effects- lost land, lost culture, no rights, and diseases

– Positive effects- reduced local warfare, sanitation, hospitals, schools, technology, and longer lives

Muslim Lands

– The Ottoman Empire falls because Suleyman I left a weak leader to rule, the government leaders were corrupt, and were fighting each other, and they had no $

– Geopolitics- taking over somewhere b/c of its location

– Crimean War- geopolitical war between the Ottomans and Russians over the Black Sea. The Ottomans controlled it but the Russians wanted it for trade. The British and French supported the Ottomans and Russia lost.

– The Great Game- geopolitical war between Britain and Russia over India. Britain wins. *Most of the fighting in done in Afghanistan

Egypt

– Modernizes military and economy by building Suez Canal

Persia

– So broke they sell land

India

– Controlled by the English

– Important to the English because of its raw materials

– Negatives – Indians do not get $ from goods they sell, famine, racism, no access to high paying jobs, no say in their government

– Positives – railroads, telephones, dams, sanitation, hospitals, and schools

Southeast Asia

– The Europeans wanted Southeast Asia for its agriculture- sugar, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas, and pineapples.

Indonesia– Controlled by- the Dutch– Class system- Dutch on

the top, Followed by the wealthy and educated Indonesians, then plantation workers at the bottom.

Singapore, Malaysia, and Burma– Controlled by – the British– Purpose of Singapore was trade– Malaysia- the British encouraged the Chinese to

move their making Malaysians a minority in their own country

Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam)

– Controlled by the French– Direct control– Forced their culture on the natives– Vietnam had no access to their own crops.

Siam (Thailand)

– Independent because the King modernized

Philippines

– Controlled by the United States– Promised self-rule but the business owners took

advantage

Hawaii

– Controlled by U.S. business owners– The last Queen, Queen Liliuokalani tried to fight it

but was taken over and put under house arrest.

China

– During the 1700s China’s economy was based on agriculture, mining, silk, and ceramics

– They were self-sufficient so they limited trade with Europeans

– The Europeans searched for something the Chinese would want enough to open their borders to trade.

China

– 1800s the English started sending opium to China- a highly addictive drug.– Opium War- war between China and Britain to get the British out. The

British won.– Extraterritorial rights- the Europeans did not have to obey the Chinese

laws. So they could do w/e they wanted to in China and not get in trouble.– Other problems- too many people not enough food, weak, and corrupt

government

China

– China then becomes a Sphere of Influence- a region in which a foreign nation controls trade and investment

– The U.S. then creates the Open Door Policy which says all nations had equal access to Chinese markets * doesn’t help China

– The Chinese are humiliated by their weak government so they rebel. This is called the Boxer Rebellion

Japan

– From the 1600s to the 1800s Japan only traded with China, the Dutch, and Korea

– In 1853 the U.S. shows up to Japan in boats with cannons facing Japan forcing them to trade with the U.S. and eventually other European nations.

– The people were mad that the shogun (dictator) did this so they overthrew him starting the Meije era- enlightened rule

Japan

– Japanese officials toured Europe, brought back what they learned, and modernized Japan

– Japan had the strongest military in Asia– They defeated China and took over Korea and Taiwan– They then beat Russia in the Russo-Japanese war, gaining

Manchuria.

Compare and Contrast

China Japan

Chinese Opium Den