1

2

SANJNANA URMY 13CSE030

WHAT IS BIO COMPUTER?Bio computers are not robots or any spiritual

beings but they work like a powerful computer.

It has the CPU as its brain and DNA are its softwares.

3

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE TERM “BIO”

4

Biological Computing

5

WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL COMPUTING?

Biological Computing means such a computing process which use synthesized biological components to store and manipulate data analogous to processes in the human body.

The result is faster computing process that operates with great accuracy.

Main biological component used in Biological Computing is : DNA

6

WHY BIO COMPUTING ?? Moore’s Law states that silicon

microprocessor complexity will double in every 18 months.

To overcome the limitations of current Computing Technology BIO-Chips made up of DNA is used as a substitute for silicon chips.

7

TYPES OF BIO-COMPUTERS

8

WHAT IS DNA? DNA Stands for De-Oxy Ribo Nucleic Acid. A hereditary material found in almost all living

organisms. Located inside the nucleus of a cell. Helps in long term storage of information. DNA is stored as a

code made of four chemical bases(A,T,G,C). -These bases are like 0’s and 1’s used in Silicon

Computers.

9

STRUCTURE OF DNA

The two strands of DNA molecule are anti parallel where each strand runs in opposite direction.

Complementary base pairs Adenine(A) & Thymine(T)Guanine(G) & Cytosine(C)

10

WHAT IS A DNA COMPUTER?

DNA computer is a molecular computer that works biochemically to solve complex problems and different possible solutions are created all at once.

It computes using enzymes that react with DNA strands and cause chain reactions.

11

EVOLUTION OF THE DNA COMPUTER

12

EVOLUTION OF THE DNA COMPUTER(1) Began in 1994 when Dr.Leonard Aldemsn

wrote the paper “Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems”.

He then carried out this experiment successfully- although it took him days to do so!

13

INVENTOR

14

I believe things like DNA computing will eventually lead

the way to a “molecular revolution,” which ultimately

will have a very dramatic effect on the world.

L. Adleman

EVOLUTION OF THE DNA COMPUTER(2)

DNA computer moved from test tubes on to gold plates

15

EVOLUTION OF THE DNA COMPUTER(3)

First Practical DNA computer unveiled in 2002 , used in gene analysis.

16

EVOLUTION OF THE DNA COMPUTER(4)

Self powered DNA computer unveiled in 2003.o First programmable autonomous computing

machine in which the input,output,software and hardware are all made of DNA molecules.

o Can perform a billion operations per second with 99.8% accuracy

17

EVOLUTION OF THE DNA COMPUTER(5)

Biological computer developed that could be used to fight cancers.

‘Designer DNA’ identifies abnormal and is attracted to it.

The Designer molecule then releases chemicals to inhibits its growth or even kill the malignant cells.

Successfully tested on animals.

18

HOW DNA WORKS AS A COMPUTERElectronic computers store data in binary form then resemble and interpret the information in meaningful way.A DNA computer has the same basic abilities to store information and compute solutions .But its working method is different. It works off molecular automations and preset reactions.

19

PROPERTIES OF A DNA COMPUTER

Dense data storage. Massively parallel computation. Extraordinary energy efficiency.

20

HOW DENSE IS THE DATA STORAGE?

1 gram of DNA =2.2 Petabytes

1 PB = 1000000000000000B = 1015bytes = 1000 terabytes.

Photo: European Molecular Biology Laboratory

Nick Goldman

21

HOW DENSE IS THE DATA STORAGE?(CONTINUOUS……….)

The number of CDs required to hold this amount of information, lined up edge to edge, would circle the Earth 375 times, and would take1630 centuries to listen to. 22

HOW ENORMOUS IS THE PARALLELISM? A test tube of DNA can contain trillions of

strands. Each operation on a test tube of DNA is carried out on all strands in the tube in parallel !

23

HOW EXTRAORDINARY IS THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY?

Modern supercomputers = 109 operations/joule

DNA computer = 2*10^19 operations/joule

24

CONVENTIONAL VS. BIOLOGICAL COMPUTERS

Conventional Biological

Componentmaterials

Inorganic, e.g. silicon Biological,e.g.DNA

Processing scheme Sequential and limited massively parallel

Massively parallel

Energy efficient ? No Yes

Quantum effects a problem?

Yes No

Toxic components? Yes No 25

APPLICATIONS OF DNA COMPUTING

DNA chips Cryptography Genetic Programming Medical Application Cracking of coded

messages DNA fingerprinting

26

ADVANTAGES OF DNA COMPUTERS

Cheap resource & plentiful supply. DNA biochips can be made cleanly so no toxic

materials are used. Many times smaller in size than current

Computers. Parallel Computing Low power- The only power needed is to keep DNA

from denaturing.

27

FUTURE

Taiwan introduces world's 1st DNA chip They are planning to use this Chip on ID

card to crack down frauds using fake ID cards.

28

LIMITATIONS / CURRENT PROBLEMS

It involves a relatively large amount of error. Requires human assistance. Time consuming laboratory procedures. No universal method of data representation.

29

DISADVANTAGES

30

CONCLUSION DNA computers showing enormous

potential, especially for medical purposes as well as data processing applications.

Still a lot of work and resources required to develop it into a fully fledged product.

31

QUESTIONS????

THANK YOU !!!!!

32