RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

Ms. Rosamie P. Cabural

Official name: Republic of the Philippines ( in Filipino, Republika ng Pilipinas)Capital: ManilaArea: 300, 000 sq km 116, 000 sq mi Population: 97.6 million as of January 2012 Official languages: Filipino (based on Tagalog), English Coastlines: 36, 000 kilometers, the longest coastlines in the world. Bounded by three large bodies of water:

On the west and north > South China Sea (West Philippine Sea)On the east > Pacific Ocean

On the south > Celebes Sea and the Coastal waters of Borneo

The Philippines is an archipelagic nation located in Southeast Asia, comprising 7, 107 islands, spanning 1, 840 kms. from north to south.

TOPOGRAPHY

Large mountainous terrain, narrow coastal plains and interior valleys and plains make

up the country’s topography.Three major island groups: Luzon, Visayas

and Mindanao

LuzonLargest island group with 141, 000 sq. kms.the most mountainous with extensive valleys and plains running through its interiorsThree major mountain ranges in the area: the Sierra Madre, the Central Cordillera and the Caraballo MountainsThe southern portion of the island has a dominantly volcanic topography with ridges and valleys of gentle slope and generally accordant drainageActive volcanoes such as Mt Pinatubo, Mayon Volcano and Mt Bulusan are found in this group of islands

Visayasthird largest island with 57,000 sq. kms.located in the central Philippines, has a severe dissection of topography due to its exposure to typhoons from Pacific and torrential rains characterized by mountains and hills (where peaks reach 900m), river basins, floodplains, plateaus and valleys

Mindanaosecond largest island with 102,000 sq. kms.has diverse structural elements and different forms of physiographic development including fault block mountains, volcanic peaks, uplifted plateaus, low flat basins, a notable fault zone which also cuts through Luzon and Visayas, fissure low masses, and incised valleys and canyons. Major mountain ranges: the Eastern or Pacific Cordillera, the Bukidnon- Davao Range.

ClimateThe Philippines has a tropical climateTag-init or Tag-araw (the hot season or summer from March to May), Tag-ulan (the rainy season from June to November), and Taglamig (the cold season from December to February)Mean annual temperature is 26.6ºC28.3ºC during summer months25.5ºC during rainy monthsRainfall is the most important climatic element in the Philippines.Rainfall distribution throughout the country varies from one region to another, depending upon the direction of the moisture-bearing winds and the location of the mountain systems.Mean annual rainfall varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters annually

The Philippines as a Disaster-Prone

Country

The Philippine Islands are part of the so-called Ring of Fire, an area encircling the Pacific Ocean where earthquakes and volcanic activity result from the movements of tectonic plates, or segments of Earth’s crust.

Surrounded by two major plates: Eurasian and Pacific300 volcanoes, 22 as activeaverage of 20 quakes per day

average of 20 typhoons a year, five (5) of these are destructive 36, 289 kms of coastline vulnerable to tsunami From 1970-2006, annual average direct damage to disasters

ranged from PHP 5 Billion to PHP 15 Billion, indirect and secondary affect further increase this cost.

Cost of direct damage is equivalent to more than 0.5 % of the national GDP

Annual average casualties due to natural disasters – 972

Five (5) Common Disasters in the

Philippines

Typhoon• strong winds and heavy rains• Flooding• Landslides• Thunderstorms• Electrocution due to damaged power lines

and cables• Storm surges• Health problems

• Ground shaking• Ground rupturing• Tsunami• Liquefaction• Landslides

Fire• Burns• Choking• Explosion

Volcanic eruption• Ash flow• Ash fall• Landslide• Volcanic tsunami• Lava flow• Mud flow

Drought• Food scarcity• Increased crime rates• Malnutrition• Health problems

OVERVIEW OF PHILIPPINE DISASTER

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PD 1566 (June 11, 1978)Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Control Capability and

Establishing the National Program on Community Disaster Preparedness

Sec. 1. Declaration of Policies• Responsibility for leadership rests on the provincial governor, city

mayors, and municipal mayors, (and barangay chairman), each according to his area of responsibility.

• The primary responsibility rests on the government agencies in the affected areas in coordination with the people themselves.

• Self-reliance shall developed by promoting and encouraging the spirit of self-help and mutual assistance among the local officials and their constituents.

• The national government exists to support the local governments in times of emergencies and according to their level of assignment; all national government offices in the field shall support the operations of the local government.

• It is responsibility of all government departments, bureaus, agencies and instrumentalities to have documented plans of their emergency functions and activities.

Republic Act No. 10121An act strengthening the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes.

DCC ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

ORGANIZATION OF THE DCC

National Disaster Coordinating CouncilDND – Chairman

Members:Interior and Local Government Public Works and HighwaysHealth Social WelfareAgriculture EducationFinance Labor and EmploymentTrade and Industry Transportation and CommunicationScience and Technology BudgetJustice Environment and Natural

ResourcesPhilippine Information Agency Sec. Gen., Philippine National Red

CrossChief Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)Department of Tourism (DOT)Director-General, National Economic and

Development Administration (NEDA)Office of the Press SecretaryPresidential Management Staff

NDCC's Comprehensive Emergency Management Framework

•Mitigation•Preparedness•Response•Rehabilitation

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

PRINCIPLES AND TRENDS

Principles• Disaster management is the responsibility of all

spheres of government.• Disaster management should use resources that

exist for a day-to-day purpose.• Organizations should function as an extension of

their core business.• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.• Disaster management planning should focus on

large-scale events.

• Disaster management planning should recognize the difference between incidents and disasters.

• Disaster management operational arrangements are additional to and do not replace incident management operational arrangements.

• Disaster management planning must take account of the type of physical environment and the structure of the population.

• Disaster management arrangements must recognize the involvement and potential role of non- government agencies.

Trends• The Overall Number of People Affected by Disasters

Is Rising• The Number of People Killed in Disasters Worldwide

is falling• Overall, Disasters Are Becoming More Costly• Poor Countries Are Disproportionately Affected by

Disaster Consequences• The Number of Disasters Is Increasing Each Year

REFERENCES:A. Book

Viray, Firma C. et al.2011.National Service Training Program II. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

B. Websites

• http://www.clarksubicmarketing.com/special_events/disaster_preparedness_seminar_philippines.html• http://www.concernusa.org/media/pdf/2007/10/Concern_ApproachestoDRR%20paper%20-%20final.pdf• http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/risk.php?iso=PHL• http://www.adrc.asia/aboutus/vrdata/countryreport/josefina2009_cr.pdf• http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2008/ra_9512_2008.html • http://www.prudentpressagency.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=990 • http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ad695e/ad695e02.htm• http://housewares.about.com/od/homeessentials/qt/emerghswr_RO.htm• http://www.preventionweb.net/files/9265_philippines.pdf• http://www.eastwestcenter.org/events-pr-detail.asp?press_ID=508• http://www.redcross.org.ph/sas• Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.