Post on 04-Apr-2018
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
1/18
A hazard in itself is not a disaster.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
2/18
It has the potential to become one when it happens to populationswho have certain vulnerabilities and insufficient capacity to respond
to it.
The potential or probability of a hazard becoming a disaster is calledrisk.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
3/18
Disaster risk reduction / disaster risk management
is about avoiding these risks (prevention) or limiting them
(preparedness / mitigation), by focusing on a populations
vulnerabilities and capacities.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
4/18
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) - areas of focus:
1. Make disaster risk reduction a priority
Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a stronginstitutional basis for implementation.
2. Know the risks and take action
Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
3. Build understanding and awareness
Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety andresilience at all levels.
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors (vulnerabilities and exposure)
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
by focusing on a populations vulnerabilities and capacities.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
5/18
Role ISDR, UNDP, OCHA and CADRI
ISDR
The coordination body for the implementation of overall disaster risk
reduction policy in accordance with the Hyogo Framework for Action
Core function: advocacy for disaster risk reduction; internationalclearinghouse for information on disaster reduction strategies
UNDP Support the implementation of disaster risk reduction policy at the country-
level
Core function: building national capacities for disaster risk management;
providing technical expertise to support capacity-building efforts (Bureau
for Crisis Prevention and Recovery)
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
6/18
Role ISDR, UNDP, OCHA and CADRI
OCHA: strengthening disaster preparedness at all levels:a. Preparedness of OCHA to respond
b. Preparedness of the international humanitarian community torespond
c. Preparedness of national /regional authorities to respond (incollaboration with UNDP, ISDR and IFRC)
CADRI: composed of ISDR, UNDP and OCHA.
Set up to build capacity of national governments on disasterrisk management strategy and policy
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
7/18
Disaster Risk Reduction Cycle
Recovery
Prevention
PreparednessResponse
Disaster
EPR planning
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
8/18
RISK = HAZARD X VULNERABILITY (EXPOSURE)__________________________________
CAPACITY
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
9/18
From a gender perspective:
RISK = HAZARD X VULNERABILITY (identified through genderanalysis)
__________________________________________
CAPACITY (identified through gender analysis, lessons
learned, etc.)
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
10/18
In normal language:
Identify the nature of the physical hazard, such as the impacts
probability, location and intensity.
Determine the human vulnerability to the risk, by identifying
exposure and weaknesses.
Identify the capacities and available resources for managing andreducing vulnerability.
Determine acceptable levels of risk
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
11/18
Disasters affect everyone, but they arenot gender neutral:
Global statistics:
In natural disasters 80% of the victims are women.
Men normally form the majority of victims in armed conflicts
since they are combatants and have more risks of losing their
life.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
12/18
The risks and vulnerabilities that people face from natural
disasters are as much a product of their social situation as their
physical environment.
Social networks, power relationships, knowledge and skills,
gender roles, health, wealth, and location, all affect risk and
vulnerability to disasters and the capacity to respond to them.
Vulnerabilities and capacities of individuals and social groups
evolve over time and determine peoples abilities to cope with
disaster and recover from it.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
13/18
This understanding needs to be applied to the following threeareas:
Analysing the (possible) impacts of disaster
Analysing local capacities to reduce risk and respond to
disaster
Designing programmes
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
14/18
What are the consequences if gender is not taken intoconsideration in DRR?
Inadequate risk identification and risk assessment
Inappropriate policy and programming response, prioritisation and
financing of risk at national and community levels
Ineffective disaster risk reduction interventions and outcomes
Interventions can create or worsen gender inequalities and
vulnerabilities.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
15/18
Risk assessment process from gender perspective
Identify the nature of the physical hazard, such as the impacts
location, intensity, and probability.
E.g.:
Houses built too close to a river/ sea/ mountain slope, etc.: it is often
the poor and vulnerable persons who cannot afford to live in safer
places.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
16/18
Identify exposure and weaknesses (vulnerabilities)
Roles in society:
- Reproductive role of women often make them homebound, which makes them
particularly vulnerable in earthquakes and hurricanes.
- Cultural norms can prevent women and girls from learning skills such as swimming orclimbing, while societal or religious dress codes may be impractical in time of disaster.
Economic aspects: poverty may affect the level of education and awareness, leading to
less access to information about potential risks. Poverty can lead to lack of safe areasfor planting crops and accessing markets. Poverty can also cause bad pre-disaster
health conditions. Poverty restricts choice.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
17/18
Identify exposure and weaknesses (vulnerabilities)
Physical safety:
- Loss of housing during disaster means that families are often forced to
relocate to shelters or move in with relatives or neighbours, where women,
girls, boys and men may not be safe.
- In the aftermath of disasters women and children are at risk of becoming
victims of trafficking, domestic and sexual violence.
- Male / female migration during disasters can lead to an increase in unsafe
sexual practices for both women and men, and lead to the risk of women
being forced into unsafe transactional sex.
7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct
18/18
Focus on women: what capacities do they have in society?
Risk mapping of hazards.
Mobilizing communities to prepare for and respond to disasters
Assessing damage and impact of disasters
Identifyingmissing community members
Agents of change