Post on 13-Jan-2016
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
The Digital Archaeological Record:
The potentials of archaeozoological data
integration through tDAR
Katherine Spielmann and Keith Kintigh
Arizona State University
ICAZ 2010
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
the Digital Archaeological Record, .
• Web-based ingest interface: user/contributors upload data and detailed metadata
• Provides long-term preservation of data & metadata
• Web-based discovery and access for data and documents produced by archaeological projects.
• Provide data integration across inconsistent
databases
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
A Bit of History• Driven by need for synthetic research
• Genesis of the project (1999) was a long-term collaboration of ASU archaeologists
• Frustrated by the difficulty of• Obtaining data• Integrating data that were collected using
different coding schemes by different investigators
• Teamed up with computer scientists and got funding
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Data Ingest
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Adding a Project
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Enter Resource Metadata
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Additional Metadata
• Collection Procedures: • Sampling of site• Sampling of bone assemblage• Screen size• Context (room, trash, hearth, pit)
• Quality of faunal collection• Weathering• % identifiable
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Upload Dataset
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAREnter Column Metadata and Attach
Coding Sheet
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Coding Sheet Metadata
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
• Preserve the original data • in original format• in a sustainable format (that can be migrated) • on sustainable media• no transformations of original file’s content • users can always download the data as
recorded
• Preserve database semantics through collection and dissemination of metadata
• Ensure users’ attribution of credit to creators
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Creating General Faunal Ontologies
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Ontologies
• Ontology is a map of the semantic relationships among a set of concepts.
• In tDAR, ontologies are ordinarily hierarchical (tree-like) and represent an arbitrary number of levels of class-subclass relationships
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Burning Intensity
First Level
Second Level
Unburned BurnedProbably Burned
Calcined Charred Singed
Indeter-minate
Not Recorded
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Butchering
First Level
Second Level
Probably Butchered
ButcheredIndeter-minate
Cut Marks Saw MarksChop Marks
Not Butchered
Not Recorded
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAROntologies in tDAR
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Ontology Mapping
• For a variable to be integrated across databases:• The values for that variable in each
database are mapped to appropriate nodes in the ontology tree• Mapping preferably done by the original
analyst
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Ontology Mapping - Example
• Database 1 • Database has taxon value 107• Its coding sheet says taxon 107 = “hare”
• Database 2 • Database has taxon value 237• Coding sheet says 237 = “black-tailed
jackrabbit” described as “Lepus californicus”
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDARAssociate Coding Key With
Ontology
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Map Coding Key to Ontology
Upper Little Colorado Prehistory Project
Pueblo Blanco
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Perform Data Integration:Pilot Analysis
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Zuni
Salinas
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
tDAR Integration
• User queries tDAR to identify databases
• Mark databases to go in user workspace
• Select tables to integrate
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Workspace with Bookmarked Databases
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Select Tables to Integrate
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Select Data Table Columns to Integrate
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Specify Aggregation and Filtering
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Output
• Output Database• observations from both datasets• integration uses common ontology
values• filtering eliminates cases• aggregation for consistency and
analytical simplicity
• Database is downloaded and analyzed by user.
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Integration Output - Species Only
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Integration Output – Species & Element
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Output Spreadsheet – 2 Sheets
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Output Spreadsheet - Combined
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Data Table – From SPSS
Species code * DatasetTable Crosstabulation
DatasetTable
TotalPB UCLPP
Species code Artiodactyl Count 2088 5856 7944
% within DatasetTable 40.9% 29.2% 31.6%
Bos/bison Count 26 0 26
% within DatasetTable .5% .0% .1%
Canid Count 31 66 97
% within DatasetTable .6% .3% .4%
Turkey Count 153 698 851
% within DatasetTable 3.0% 3.5% 3.4%
Lagomorph Count 2811 13414 16225
% within DatasetTable 55.0% 67.0% 64.5%
Total Count 5109 20034 25143
% within DatasetTable 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDARResource
Depression/Overhunting• How recognize?
•Changing prey abundances • % NISP of large and small taxa• index ratios of large versus small taxa
• Is small game anthropogenic• Burning
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
•Change in prey demographics• Age of prey
• Fusion
•Change in element frequencies of large game (transport)• FUI
• Increased processing of large game• Condition (% complete)• Weight
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDARAcknowledgments
• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation• National Science Foundation• National Endowment for the Humanities• UK Joint Information Systems Committee• Archaeology Data Service, University of York• Digital Antiquity Board of Directors
Sander van der Leeuw, Arizona State University (ASU) [chair]Carol Ackerson, Girl Scouts Arizona Cactus-Pine CouncilJeffrey Altschul, SRI FoundationKim Bullerdick, Owner, BI, L.L.C.John Howard, University College, Dublin
Keith Kintigh, ASUTim Kohler, Washington State UniversityFred Limp, University of ArkansasHarry Papp, L. Roy Papp & Associates Julian Richards, University of YorkDean Snow, The Pennsylvania State University
Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR
Questions?http://tdar.org