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The extrinsic glands of the digestive system i
nclude the major salivary glands, the pancreas, a
nd the liver, all of which are located outside the
wall of the digestive tract.
The major salivary glands consist of three pai
r of glands: the parotid, submandibular glands an
d sublingual glands.
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Fig. 1 Submandibular gland : mixed gland
Interlobular septum
parenchyma
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Fig. 2 Submandibular gland(HE stain,high mag.) ①Mixed acinus②Serous acinus
①
②serous demilune
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Intercalated duct
Fig.3 Submandibular gland(HE stain,high mag.) ①mucous acinus ②Serous acinus
①
②
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Fig.4 Submandibular gland(HE stain,high mag.) ①Secretory duct ②Serous acinus
① ②
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Fig.5 Submandibular gland (HE stain,high mag.)
Intralobular duct
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The pancreas can be divided into two portion:
exocrine portion and endocrine portion. The exocri
ne portion is a serous, compound tubloacinar gland.
The endocrine portion is called pancreatic islet( is
let of Langerhans).
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Fig. 6 Pancreas (HE stain, low mag.) pancreatic islet exocrine portion① ②
①
②
①
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Fig .7 Pancreas (HE stain, high mag.) centroacinar cells
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Fig. 8 Pancreas(HE stain, high mag.) pancreatic islet exocrine portion① ②
①
②
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Fig . 9 A cell of pancreatic islet (TEM) nucleus secretory granule① ②
The cells secrete glucagon.
①
②
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Fig. 10 B-cell of pancreas islet(TEM) nucleus secretory granule① ②
The B cells secrete insulin.
①
②
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The liver is the biggest gland in the body. It c
an be divided into two main parts: hepatic lobule
and portal area.
The hepatic lobule includes five components :
central vein, hepatic plate(cord), hepatic sinusoid,
perisinusoidal space and bile canaliculi.
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Hepatic lobule
Portal areas
Fig. 11 Liver of pig (HE stain, low mag.)
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Central vein
Hepatic cord
Hepatic sinusoid
Fig. 12 hepatic lobule (HE stain, high mag.)
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Fat- storing cell
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Fig. 13 Portal area of liver(HE stain , high mag.)
①interlobular artery interlobular vein interlobular bile duct② ③
①
② ③
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Central vein
Central vein
Fig. 14 Liver of human (HE stain, low mag.)
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Hepatic macrophage
Fig. 15 Liver of mouse (trypan blue injected preparation, high mag.)
Hepatic macrophage
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Fig. 16 Hepatic macrophage in hepatic sinusoid (SEM)
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bile canaliculus
Central vein
Fig. 17 liver(silver stain, low mag.) showing bile canaliculus
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Fig. 18 liver (silver stain, high mag.) showing bile canaliculus
bile canaliculus
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Fig.19 gall bladder (HE, low mag.)
plica
Three layers : mucous membrane, muscularis and serosa.
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Fig.20 gall bladder
(HE, low mag.)
Simple columnar epithelium