DIABETES MELLITUS

GROUP 3:

AFIFAH

EFRIAN GUNADI

MIA PANGESTIKA

MUHAMMAD RIZKY

MULYANAH

NOVIA ARIEZA

SULASTRI

DEFINITION ...Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that ischaracterized with chronic hyperglycemia caused byabnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action orboth.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which glucose(simple sugar) in the blood is high because the bodycan’t release or use insulin.

http://www.World Health Organisation. Diabetes mellitus : Report of a WHO StudyGroup. World Health Organisation. Geneva-Switzerland. 2006. S5-36.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

3 Type of Diabetes Mellitus

HISTORY

In 1552 BC

• in Egypt known disease characterized by frequent urination and in large quantities (polyuria)

In 400 BC

• an Indian writer named Sushratha call the disease by “Honey Urine Disease”

In 200 BC

• is exactly Aretaeus who reflected on the disease the name “Diabetes Mellitus"

http://www.healthylifeindonesia.com/sejarah-diabetes/

PREVALENCE DATA

http://www.tokoherbalonline.com/terapi-diabetes-dengan-noni-juice/

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Top 10 countries for number of people with Diabetes Mellitus in 2013

http://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figures

GLUCOSE

PANCREAS

DAMAGE

LESS INSULIN

BLOOD STREAM

Can not be converted into

energy

ACCUMULATE IN BLOOD

HIGH GLUCOSE LEVEL

DIABETES MELLITUS

CARBOHIDRATE

(from food)

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MECHANISME

OF

DM

CHEMISTRY REACTION

Carbohydrates converted into glucose(C6H12O6).And

then with help enzyme glucose 6-phosphate

dehydrogenase and insulin ,glucose converted into

glucose 6 phosphate. Because less insulin , so the

glucose can not be converted into energy. And then

glucose will accumulate in the blood. The buildup of

glucose will cause a rise in blood glucose levels.

SYMPTOMSThe classic symptoms

POLYDIPSIA

POLYFAGIAPOLYURIA

WEIGHT LOSS

Impotence in men

the healing process

becomes long.

The skin problems.

visual impairment

OTHER SYMPTOMS

METHOD AND EQUIPMENT

1. Urine test :

a) Benedict test

b) Dipstick test

2. Blood test :

a) Glucose nuchter test

b) Glucose fasting test

c) Glucose 2 hour’s post prandial test

d) Oral glucose tolerant test

e) HbA1C

URINANALYZER REACTION TUBE

ACCU TEST PHOTOMETER I-Chroma

LAB RESULT

Normal Impaired fasting glucose

Impaired glucose tolerance

Diabetes mellitus

2 hour post prandial glucose(mg/dL)

< 140 - 140 – 199 > 200

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

<100 > 100< 126 - > 126

Nuchterglucose (mg/dL)

<110 ≥110 -<126

- > 200

HbA1c (%) < 6,0 6,0 – 6,4 - ≥ 6,5

Blood Test http://www.prodia.co.id

Blue: normalGreen to brass: positif 1Yellow-brown: positif 2Red brick: positif 3

Urine Test

MANAGEMENT CARE

Patients should be educated to practice self-care.

This allows the patient to assume responsibility and

control of his / her own diabetes management.

Self-care should include:

◦ Healthy lifestyle/ diet or physical activity

◦ Blood glucose monitoring

◦ Body weight monitoring

◦ Foot-care

◦ Personal hygiene

◦ Stopping smoking

TREATMENT

SULFONYLUREAcan decrease high blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin

secretion from pancreas β cells.

BIGUANIDthis drug works by increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin

produced by the body it self.

ACARBOSEworks by slowing down the digestive of carbohydrates into

glucose.

INSULINinsulin is injected as a drug for body insulin deficiency.

Treatment with insulin based on the condition of each patient and the doctor to choose the type and dosage.

CONCLUSION

Diabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes, is a group ofmetabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar.This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequenturination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.

Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producingenough insulin, or because cells of the body do not respondproperly to the insulin that is produced. There are three maintypes of diabetes mellitus

• DM TYPE 1

• DM TYPE 2

• DM GESTATIONAL

Prevention and treatment often involve a healthy diet,physical exercise, not using tobacco, and being a normalbody weight. Blood pressure control and proper foot care arealso important for people with the disease.

THANK YOU ...