Post on 21-Jun-2020
DiabetesEduca-onTeachingToolFlipchartandPa-entEduca-onHandouts
Informa-onadoptedfrom:AmericanDiabetesAssocia-on(ADA)h@ps://www.diabetes.orgKramesPa-entEduca-onHandouts
TableofContents
1. UnderstandingDiabetesa. UnderstandingPre-Diabetesb. UnderstandingType1Diabetesc. UnderstandingType2Diabetes
2. HealthyEa-ng3. PhysicalAc-vity4. SelfMonitoringBloodGlucose5. MonitoringHemoglobinA1cTes-ng6. Medica-ons7. UnderstandingHypoglycemia8. UnderstandingHyperglycemia9. NextStepstoSuccess
UnderstandingDiabetesWhatisdiabetes?• Adiseasethataffectsthewayyourbodyturnssugarintoenergy.
Howdoesthebodyturnsugarintoenergy?• Foodcontainscarbohydrates,proteins,andfats.• Whenweeat,carbohydratesandsomeoftheproteinsturnintosugarorglucose.• Glucoseenterstheblood→Insulincarriestheglucosetothebody’scells→Cells
turnglucoseintoenergy.Whathappenswhenyouhavediabetes?• Yourbodyeitherdoesnotmakeenoughinsulinorisnotusinginsulinverywell.• Glucosestaysinyourbloodinsteadofbeingusedbythecellsforfuel,so:
− Thebodydoesnothavefuelforenergytofunc-onproperly.− Extraglucoseinyourbloodcancausedamagetoyourbody.
PreDiabetes
Type1Diabetes
Type2Diabetes
WhattypeofdiabetesdoIhave?
UnderstandingPre-DiabetesWhatisPre-diabetes?
• Acondi-onthathappensbeforeType2Diabetes• Bloodglucoselevelsarehigherthannormal,butnotyethighenoughtobediagnosedasdiabetes
Whatarethedangers?
• Pre-diabetesputsyouatahigherriskfordeveloping- Type2diabetes- Cardiovasculardisease
WhatcanIdo?
• YoucanmakehealthylifestylechangestopostponeoravoidType2diabetesby:
- Healthyea-ng- Increasingdailyac-vity
Diabetes
Pre-diabetes
Normal
BloodGlucoseLevels
UnderstandingType1Diabetes
WhatisType1Diabetes?• Pancreascannotmakeinsulintotransportglucoseintothecellsforenergy
Whatarethedangers?• Bloodlevelsofglucose(digestedsugarandstarches)increases• Glucosecannotenterthecellswithoutinsulin• MusclesandbodyorganscannotgetglucoseforenergyHowisittreated?• Insulinmedica-on• Monitorbloodglucoselevels• Healthyfoodchoicesandac-vity
Pancreascannotmake
insulin
Glucoseinthebloodincreases
Glucosecannotenterthecells
Cellscannotsupplyenergy
forbody
UnderstandingType2DiabetesWhatisType2Diabetes?• Mostcommonformofdiabetes• Bodydoesnotuseinsulinproperly- Insulinresistance
Whatarethedangers?• Bloodlevelsofglucose(digestedsugarandstarches)increases• Highbloodglucoselevelsdamagethebodyover-me
Howisittreated?• Monitorbloodglucoselevels• Healthyfoodchoicesandac-vity• Medica-on
Pancreasmakesinsulin
Insulinresistanceintheblood
Glucoseinthebloodincreases
Increasedbloodglucosedamagesbodyover-me
HealthyEa-ng:WhatCanIEat?
• WhatcanIeat(ordrink)?- Livingwithdiabetesdoesnothavetomeanfeelingdeprived.- Wewillhelpyoulearntobalanceyourmealsandmakethehealthiestfoodchoices
withawidevarietyofdeliciousmealsandsnacks.• Whatfoodshavethebiggestimpactonmybloodsugar?
• Youwillmeetwitharegistereddie--anwhowillhelpyoudevelopapersonalizedmealplantoaddressallofyourhealthcareneeds.
• HOMEWORK:Beforemee-ngwiththedie--an,keeptrackofwhatyoueatbyloggingyourmeals.
Starches
Fruits
Dairy
Thisdoesnotmeanyoucannoteatthesefoods,becausetherearenutri-onalbenefitstoeach.Justremember-MODERATIONisthekey.
HealthyEa-ngDiabetesPlateMethod• 9-inchplateforpor-oncontrol• Fooddoesnotgoovertherimoftheplate• Fillyourplateasyourmealplanallows
Foodstochoose:½plate=Non-starchyvegetables
Examples:broccoli,cabbage,carrots,cauliflower,greenbeans,salad,andzucchini.
¼plate=Grains/starchyvegetablesExamples:brownrice,bulgur,greenpeas,sweetpotatoes,andwholewheatbread.Beans,whicharebothstarchyandagoodsourceofproteinandfiber,fitshere,aswell.
¼plate=LeanproteinExamples:fish,chicken,eggs,leanbeeforpork,andsoyproducts(tofu).
Fruitand/ordairyonthesideAddaservingoffruit,suchasasmallapple,oraservingoflow-fatdairy,suchasnonfatyogurt.
2018DiabetesFoodPlate,CentersforDiseaseControlandPreven-on(CDC)
PhysicalAc-vityisImportantWhyisphysicalacUvitysoimportant?
• Keypartofmanagingdiabetesalongwithpropermealplanning,takingmedica-onsasprescribed,andstressmanagement
WhathappenswhenIammoreacUveandexercise?
• Yourbodycellsworkbe@er:- Becomemoresensi-vetoinsulin
- Canremoveglucosefromthebloodduringexercisewithoutneedinginsulin
• Lowersyourbloodglucoselevels- ImproveyourA1Clevels
- Mayresultinyoubeingabletotakefewerdiabetesmedica-ons
• Improvesyouroverallwellbeing:
- Helpsloweringbloodpressureandcholesterol
PhysicalAc-vityisImportant
ExamplesofincorporaUngphysicalacUvityindailyrouUne:1. Parkatthefarendoftheshoppingcenterlotandwalktothestore.2. Getoffthetrainorbusoneortwostopsearly.3. Takealongerroutewhenwalkingtothestore.4. Doalaportwoaroundtheperimeterofthestorebeforeshopping.
5. Ifyouareattheairportandwai-ngforaflight,walkthroughtheterminal.
6. Whenonaroadtrip,stopohentostretchandwalk.
7. ConsiderusingaFitBit™orFitBit-likedevicetotrackyoursteps,10,000stepsperdayisagoodgoaltoachieve.
SelfMonitoringBloodGlucose
Bloodglucosegoals:ADAguidelinessuggest80–180mg/dL
Monitoring:HemoglobinA1CTes-ng
A1C–Whatisit?• TheA1Ctestmeasuresyouraveragebloodglucoseforthepast2to3months.Theadvantageofthistestisthatyoudonothavetofastordrinkanything.• DiabetesisdiagnosedatanA1Cofgreaterthanorequalto6.5%UnderstandingA1Cresults:- Normal:lessthan5.7%- Pre-diabetes:5.7%to6.4%- Diabetes:6.5%orhigher- Whatwasmyresult?
Medica-ons
YouwillbeprovidedwithalistoftheNEWdiabetesmedica-onsthatyourphysicianhasorderedtoday.Thingsyoushouldknow:
• Nameofmynewmedica-on?
• WhatdosedoItake?
• WhendoItakeit?
• Whatarethespecialinstruc-ons?
• Whatismynewmedica-on?
UnderstandingHypoglycemia(LowBloodSugar)
Whatishypoglycemia?
• Bloodglucose(bloodsugar)levelsthataretoolow,usuallylessthan70mg/dl.
- Askyourhealthcareprovideraboutwhatis“low”foryou.Whatcauseshypoglycemia?
• Bloodglucosethatdropstoofast• Strenuousexercisewithoutreplacingcalories.• Toomuchdiabe-cmedica-on.
• Notea-ngforalong-me.
• Someillnesses
Hypoglycemia
Normal
BloodGlucoseLevels
WhataretheSymptomsofHypoglycemia(LowBloodSugar)
• Shakiness• Nervousnessoranxiety• SweaUng,chillsandclamminess• IrritabilityorimpaUence• Confusion,includingdelirium• Rapid/fastheartbeat• Lightheadednessordizziness• Hungerandnausea• Sleepiness
• Blurred/impairedvision• Tinglingornumbnessinthelipsortongue• Headaches• Weaknessorfa-gue• Anger,stubbornness,orsadness• Lackofcoordina-on• Nightmaresorcryingoutduringsleep• Seizures• Unconsciousness
IfYouFeelYourBloodSugarMayBeLow…
1. Checkyourbloodsugarlevel.2. Consume15-20gramsofglucoseorsimplecarbohydrates.3. Recheckyourbloodglucoseaher15minutes.4. Ifhypoglycemiacon-nues,repeat.5. Oncebloodglucosereturnstonormal,eatasmallsnackifyournextplannedmealismorethananhourortwoaway.
15gramsofsimplecarbohydratescommonlyused(chooseone):• Glucosetablets(followpackageinstruc-ons)• Geltube(followpackageinstruc-ons)• 2tablespoonsofraisins• 4ounces(1/2cup)ofjuiceorregularsoda(notdiet)• 1tablespoonsugar,honey,orcornsyrup• 8ouncesofnonfator1%milk• Hardcandies,jellybeans,orgumdrops(Singleservingsizeonpackageinsert)
UnderstandingHyperglycemia(HighBloodSugar)
WhatisHyperglycemia?• Bloodglucose(bloodsugar)levelsthataretoohigh.- Askyourhealthcareprovideraboutwhatis“high”foryou.
Whatcauseshyperglycemia?• Tooli@leinsulininyourbody(Type1Diabetes)• Yourbodydoesnotuseinsulinproperly(Type2Diabetes)• Otherreasons:- Ea-ngtoomanycalories- Tooli@leac-vity- Stressfromanillnesssuchasacoldorflu- Personalstress(family,job,conflicts)- “DawnPhenomenon”-asurgeofhormonesthat
happensintheveryearlymorning(4to5am)
Hyperglycemia
Normal
BloodGlucoseLevels
UnderstandingHyperglycemia(HighBloodSugar)
Whatarethelong-termcomplicaUonsifhighbloodsugarlevelsgountreated?• Blindness• Limbamputa-on• Kidneydamage• Nervedamage• Heartdisease/stroke• Etc.NOTE:Ifyouareexperiencingabdominalpain,nausea,vomi-ngand/ordiarrhea,pleasecontactyourhealthcareproviderforadvice.
WhatAreMyNextStepsToSuccess?
DiabetesSelf-ManagementTraining
• Yourdoctorwillreferyoutothistrainingprogram.
• Theprogramincludes:
1. DiabetesNurseEducatorSession–aone-hourindividualmee-ngtodiscussandplanyourpersonalneedsandgoals.Follow-upasneeded.
2. RegisteredDieUUanAppointment–amee-ngtodevelopamealplanthatwilladdressyourmedicalneedsaswellasyourpersonaltastes.
3. Groupclasses--− Two,4-hourworkshops− Topicsthatwillhelpyoulearnhowtocontrolyourdiabetes
NMComprehensiveDiabetesEduca-onProgram