Post on 27-Mar-2015
Developments needed in Curricula to Developments needed in Curricula to prepare Military Officers and prepare Military Officers and
Defence Officials for their Roles in Defence Officials for their Roles in dealing with Future Defence and dealing with Future Defence and
Security ChallengesSecurity Challenges
SequenceSequence
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues Moot PointsMoot Points CurriculumCurriculum Conclusion Conclusion
IntroductionIntroduction
If no nuclear holocaust takes place, then If no nuclear holocaust takes place, then conventional war appears to be in the final conventional war appears to be in the final stages of abolishing itself; if one does take stages of abolishing itself; if one does take place, then it will already have abolished place, then it will already have abolished itself. This dilemma does not mean that itself. This dilemma does not mean that perpetual peace is on its way, much less perpetual peace is on its way, much less that organized violence is coming to an end. that organized violence is coming to an end. As war between states exits through one As war between states exits through one side of history’s revolving door, low-side of history’s revolving door, low-intensity conflict among different intensity conflict among different organizations will enter through the otherorganizations will enter through the other
IntroductionIntroduction
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
TerrorismTerrorism
976 major acts of international terrorism 976 major acts of international terrorism committed from year 2003 to 2005 with an committed from year 2003 to 2005 with an annual average of 325annual average of 325
Ian Bellany Ian Bellany
Pakistan’s Role in Countering Pakistan’s Role in Countering TerrorismTerrorism
In 2006, in Pakistan 657 terrorist attacks, In 2006, in Pakistan 657 terrorist attacks, including 41 of sectarian nature were including 41 of sectarian nature were perpetrated, leaving 907 people dead and perpetrated, leaving 907 people dead and 1,543 others injured 1,543 others injured
‘‘Pak Institute for Peace Studies’Pak Institute for Peace Studies’Pakistan is signatory to 11 United Nations Pakistan is signatory to 11 United Nations
Counter Terrorism conventionsCounter Terrorism conventions
Pakistan’s Role in Countering TerrorismPakistan’s Role in Countering Terrorism
Pakistan has signed extradition treaties with Pakistan has signed extradition treaties with
thirty countriesthirty countries
Enhancing cooperating with ASEAN Regional Enhancing cooperating with ASEAN Regional
Forum Forum
Cooperating with coalition partners in Cooperating with coalition partners in
Afghanistan Afghanistan
Pakistan’s Role in Countering TerrorismPakistan’s Role in Countering Terrorism
Captured more terrorists, especially over 600 Captured more terrorists, especially over 600
linked with Al-Qaida linked with Al-Qaida
Committed some 80,000 troops along its Committed some 80,000 troops along its
Western BordersWestern Borders
Pakistan has so far lost 900 personnel in Pakistan has so far lost 900 personnel in
counter terrorist operations in areas close to counter terrorist operations in areas close to
Pakistan – Afghanistan Border Pakistan – Afghanistan Border
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Proliferation of Weapons of Mass
Destruction (WMD) Destruction (WMD)
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
ExtremismExtremism
At the national and international levels, At the national and international levels,
unjust economic, social and political systems unjust economic, social and political systems
which really spawn violations of economic, which really spawn violations of economic,
social, cultural, civil and political rights, social, cultural, civil and political rights,
contribute to the birth and nurturing of contribute to the birth and nurturing of
extremism which ultimately leads to extremism which ultimately leads to
terrorism terrorism
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
ExtremismExtremism
To break the synergy between politico-To break the synergy between politico-
religious extremism, major powers should religious extremism, major powers should
avoid the double standards, discriminatory avoid the double standards, discriminatory
approach, intolerance, unwillingness to approach, intolerance, unwillingness to
compromise compromise
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
Role of Non State ActorsRole of Non State Actors
pursue their own agenda, protect their own pursue their own agenda, protect their own
interests and have loyalties only to interests and have loyalties only to
themselves, hence further complicate the themselves, hence further complicate the
global security environment global security environment
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
Asymmetric Warfare / ThreatsAsymmetric Warfare / Threats
Radical groups and relatively weaker non-state Radical groups and relatively weaker non-state
actors are using unexpected means to deal actors are using unexpected means to deal
stunning blows to more powerful opponentsstunning blows to more powerful opponents
The modern means and modes such as The modern means and modes such as
information and cyber warfare make them ever information and cyber warfare make them ever
more evasive and lethalmore evasive and lethal
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)
Combat Military Operations may include, counter Combat Military Operations may include, counter
terrorism / counter insurgency operations, UN terrorism / counter insurgency operations, UN
operations (Chapter 7), counter drug / weapons and operations (Chapter 7), counter drug / weapons and
anti piracy operations, participation in coalition anti piracy operations, participation in coalition
operations, enforcement of maritime regimes and operations, enforcement of maritime regimes and
exclusion zoneexclusion zone
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)
Non combat military operations may include, disaster Non combat military operations may include, disaster
relief operations, UN operations (Chapter 6), nation relief operations, UN operations (Chapter 6), nation
building /reconstruction / support operations, security / building /reconstruction / support operations, security /
law and order, evacuation, search and rescue, law and order, evacuation, search and rescue,
ordnance disposal, salvage, arson / accidental fire and ordnance disposal, salvage, arson / accidental fire and
humanitarian assistance and epidemic controlhumanitarian assistance and epidemic control
Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues
Role of MediaRole of Media
Media through focus on violence can Media through focus on violence can
negatively contribute to conflict escalation and negatively contribute to conflict escalation and
distort the public's perceptions of the situation distort the public's perceptions of the situation
Where it can accrue, if managed adroitly, Where it can accrue, if managed adroitly,
numerous advantages, it can be an effective numerous advantages, it can be an effective
propaganda tool in the hands of terrorists propaganda tool in the hands of terrorists
which they will use for both tactical and which they will use for both tactical and
strategic gains strategic gains
Moot Points Moot Points What is the concept or our understanding of What is the concept or our understanding of
Global War on Terror? Global War on Terror?
Lack of agreement on a definition of terrorism Lack of agreement on a definition of terrorism
Divergence in political aimsDivergence in political aims
No single country is capable of fighting global No single country is capable of fighting global
terrorism single handedly terrorism single handedly
Mutual trust and understanding of each others Mutual trust and understanding of each others
capacities/capabilities and limitations capacities/capabilities and limitations
CurriculumCurriculum Formulation of National Asymmetric War / Low Formulation of National Asymmetric War / Low
Intensity Conflict (LIC) Strategy Intensity Conflict (LIC) Strategy Military Doctrine on LIC Military Doctrine on LIC Determination of clear threat Determination of clear threat Doctrine may incorporate the following:- Doctrine may incorporate the following:-
Concept of low intensity conflictConcept of low intensity conflict The threat perception/assessmentThe threat perception/assessment Role of various law enforcing agenciesRole of various law enforcing agencies Role of Military and its various arms and servicesRole of Military and its various arms and services TrainingTraining LogisticsLogistics Legal aspectsLegal aspects
CurriculumCurriculum
Psychological aspects Psychological aspects
Understanding and objective evaluation of Understanding and objective evaluation of
environment environment
Intelligence Intelligence
Media managementMedia management
CurriculumCurriculum Leadership doctrines to develop junior leaders Leadership doctrines to develop junior leaders
for operations under highly decentralized for operations under highly decentralized
environmentenvironment
Impact of technology on future operationsImpact of technology on future operations
Joint planning and interoperability Joint planning and interoperability
Complete understanding of the nature of conflictComplete understanding of the nature of conflict
Art of negotiationArt of negotiation
CurriculumCurriculum
Legal mattersLegal matters
Interrogation/handling of informationInterrogation/handling of information
Disaster Management; Planning / Organization Disaster Management; Planning / Organization
and conduct of relief and rehabilitation and conduct of relief and rehabilitation
operationsoperations
Impact of information and cyber warfareImpact of information and cyber warfare
Seminars, exercises and dialogues at ARF level Seminars, exercises and dialogues at ARF level
to intermittently exchange views and share to intermittently exchange views and share
experiencesexperiences
Training Curriculum for Junior Military Training Curriculum for Junior Military LeadersLeaders
A thorough understanding of the background of the A thorough understanding of the background of the
conflictconflict
Hostage rescue techniques and drillsHostage rescue techniques and drills
Cordon and searchCordon and search
Counter mobilityCounter mobility
Checking of various documentsChecking of various documents
Small combat team training capable of independent, Small combat team training capable of independent,
rapid and decisive engagement and adapting quickly rapid and decisive engagement and adapting quickly
to prevalent conditionto prevalent condition
Training Curriculum for Junior Military Training Curriculum for Junior Military LeadersLeaders
Psychological operations and public relationsPsychological operations and public relations
Art of negotiations and persuasionArt of negotiations and persuasion
InterrogationInterrogation
Manipulation of military measures including civic Manipulation of military measures including civic
actionsactions
Handling of informationHandling of information
Media handlingMedia handling
Training of Individual SoliderTraining of Individual Solider
Build superb physical stamina and endurance Build superb physical stamina and endurance
Expertise in handling a variety of weaponsExpertise in handling a variety of weapons
Sniping/sharp shooting to pick up targets in Sniping/sharp shooting to pick up targets in
population centerspopulation centers
Handling of global positioning system, night vision Handling of global positioning system, night vision
devices devices
To be able to act independently, in absence of To be able to act independently, in absence of
comprehensive orders or breakdown in comprehensive orders or breakdown in
communicationcommunication
Training of Individual SoliderTraining of Individual Solider
Initiative, mental mobility and quick reflexes Initiative, mental mobility and quick reflexes
Adaptability to local conditions and ability to blend Adaptability to local conditions and ability to blend
with the populacewith the populace
Knowledge about modus operandi, strategy and Knowledge about modus operandi, strategy and
weaknesses of the terrorists/insurgentsweaknesses of the terrorists/insurgents
Technique of fighting in Built Up AreasTechnique of fighting in Built Up Areas
Techniques of movement both mounted and Techniques of movement both mounted and
dismounted, including efficient driving dismounted, including efficient driving
Training of Individual SoliderTraining of Individual Solider Handling of explosiveHandling of explosive Emplaning, deplaning and repelling Emplaning, deplaning and repelling Know-how about martial artsKnow-how about martial arts Survival under conditions of stress and strainSurvival under conditions of stress and strain A very high degree of motivation, esprit de corps and A very high degree of motivation, esprit de corps and
devotion to the cause devotion to the cause Ability to operate with minimum logistics Ability to operate with minimum logistics Expertise in night navigation and specialized Expertise in night navigation and specialized
operationsoperations Awareness of human rights, sensitivities and social Awareness of human rights, sensitivities and social
ethics of the area of operation ethics of the area of operation
ConclusionConclusion