NANO BATTERIES

By

Arvind Kumar rajput

IIMT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEFINITION

Batteries that are fabricated employing technology at

the nanoscale.

INTRODUCTION

Evolution of Nano batteries

Lithium Ion Battery Basics Electrochemical performance is determined by properties of the anode and cathode

materials.

Currently, carbon is used as the anode material.

Charge battery (lithiation): large volume expansion 200-400% LiM

Discharge battery (delithiation): volume contraction

xLi+ + xe- + M ↔ charge Lix+M-

ElectrolyteAnode Cathode

Li Ion

Li Ion Discharge

Charge

Fabrication and Measurement Si NWs were synthesized using the VLS process on stainless steel

substrates using Au catalyst.

The electrochemical properties were evaluated under an argon atmosphere by both cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling in a three electrode configuration, with the Si NWs on the stainless steel substrate as the working electrode and Li foil as both reference and counter-electrodes.

Comparison of Lithium Ion Batteries & Nano Batteries

Li-Ion Battery:

Electrolyte : Ether

Anode : Lithium Cobalt Oxide.

Cathode : Graphite

Mechanism of Li-ion Battery

Solid Electrolyte Interface Barrier

Li-Ion Battery:

Drawback : The battery cannot be charged

at temperatures before 320 F.

Reason : Due to the formation of solid

electrolyte interface barrier.

Nano Battery:

Advantage : Electrode is made up of

nanomaterial.

Result : No formation of solid electrolyte

interface barrier.

Mechanism of Nano Battery

Anode

Li+ Li+

Li+ Li+

Li+ Li+

Cathode

Li+

Li+

Li+

Li+

Charger

Current

Separator

Electrolyte

(Polymer battery: gel polymer electrolyte)

Li-Ion Battery:

Drawback : These batteries are slow to

charge and discharge.

Reasons :

• Due to the long distance Li-ions have to travel

through the electrode material in the battery.

• Speed at which the Li-ions make their way

through the electrode material is also slow.

Nano Battery:

Advantage : Electrode particles are non-

structured.

Result :

• Shortens the existing distance with in the

electrode material.

• Accelerates the recharging and discharging

rate.

Applications of Nano Battery

Electronics

Defense

Aerospace

Industrial

The Nanotechnological Batteries make every thing possible from a hybrid

vehicle capable of giving 150 miles/gallon to battery powered fabrics which

enables soldiers to plug electronic devices into their uniform.

The nanobatteries to be more specific has the potential to be used in the

following fields:

Health care sectors

At University of Tulsa

Under Dr Dale Teeters from the Dept of

Chemistry and Biochemistry.

Research and Development

Nano Battery:

Electrolyte : A wax solution of PEO and

lithium triflate.

Anode : Vanadium Oxide

Cathode : Graphite

Charging and Testing

Atomic force microscope

AC Impedance

Testing

Instrument

AFM

Atomic Force

Microscope

Tip

Any Questions

?