THE DENTAL OFFICE A sheltered system that requires architectural

considerations, mechanical facilities, pharmaceutical supplies, industrial devices and business where a dentist performs and carry out his duty

-   ideal office is located in a quiet neighborhood or in a quiet commercial building

Important things to consider:      accessibility of transportation      ventilation      light/good water system absence of pollution

Urban Practice

Rural Practice

PARTS OF A DENTAL OFFICE  

1.    Fundamental Compartments – parts of the dental office that are essential for the practice of dentistry

a. Reception Room or Waiting room

b. Operating Room or Clinic

c. Laboratory roomd. Lavatory Facilities /

Comfort Roome. Infirmary Aids for

emergency cases 

2. Optional Compartments

a. Business and secretary’s office

b.Rest or recovery room

c. Dark room – for developing radiographs

d. Store room

The Reception Room or Waiting Room

Desirable but optional features:

1.  receptionist

2.  reading materials of general interest

3.  basic items in a homey living room

4.  correct interior decoration like educational work of art

The operating room / clinic Stationary Equipment1.    Dental Chair 2.    Dental Unit     usually comes as one set of stationary

equipment, manufactured to suit either a right or left-handed operators

     installed in the clinic more or less at permanent

places 

Dental Chair

a.    Portable dental chair

- also called field chair- used for a makeshift place

 - for mobile clinic

-parts are easy removable or detachable and made convenient for packing and transporting

 

b.  Non-portable or stationary dental chair

     -characterized by a wide base and is too heavy

  -designed to conform with the approximate contour of the patient’s anatomy

-usually upholstered for utmost comfort of patients

Cart Type Delivery System

Three types according to function:

a.    standard or all-purpose chair

b.    exodontist’s chair

c.    child’s chair

The Dental Unit

1.    Cuspidor or spittoon – a bowl-like receptacle for the reception of saliva, fluids and debris coming from the mouth of the patient, usually provided with water pipes to cleanse the bowl to push them toward the drain.

 2. Saliva ejector – a metal /

plastic holed mouthpiece which helps in keeping the mouth and the field of operation free from the interference of saliva.

3. Tumbler holder – holds the glass / tumbler used by the patient, generally provided with a faucet that automatically fills the tumbler with tap water

4.Air syringes – gives off air blasts directly aimed to the tooth being treated.

5. Water syringes – gives off a fine, thin stream of water for flushing or cleaning the tooth being treated.

 6.   Pilot light – a strong shaded electric bulb that can be swung in all direction to light up the mouth.

 7. Opaque glass plate / x-ray

viewer – holds radiograph in place for reading and interpretation.

 

 8. Bracket table – holds the hand instruments and other materials such as cottons, cotton holder and the like used by the operators.

9. High and low speed adaptors – devices used to hold the handpieces used by the operators.

 

Other parts of a dental chair/ units:

      foot control – allows the handpiece to function as needed

 

      push bottoms to allow adjustments of the chair to permit the dentist to place the patient in convenient positions

Movable EquipmentDental X-ray

 X-ray machine – a diagnostic apparatus used to reveal conditions of tissues not visible during clinical visual examination.

 

X-ray – a form of energy, of very short wave-lengths that penetrate opaque substance / tissue.

 

     

Radiopaque shadow

( lighter ) – objects that are resistant to x-rays ; e.g bone, enamel

 

Radiolucent shadow

( darker ) – objects that are less resistant to x-rays; e.g soft tissues of the mouth

 

Types of Radiographic Films:

1.    Intra-oral

    -standard film or periapical film

( include 2 or 3 teeth)

-Child-sized film

 

 2. Extra-oral

     panoramic film

cephalometric film

Hygiene for the Clinic

Attire for the dental staff and patient

1.  Laboratory gowns

2.  Eye Protection

3. Gloves ( disposable)

4. Headdresses / Head cap

5. Face mask

Wear the right size, dispose after single use, Wear the right size, dispose after single use, immediately replace when puncturedimmediately replace when punctured

Eye Protection!

ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis

Sanitation in a Dental office

• the cleanliness of the instruments in the clinic as a protection not only to the patients ( prevent transmission of germs from one patient to another), protection to the dentists and his clinical staff.

Dental Office – can be sanitized with the use of:

1. Aerosol – chemical compounds that mix well with room air, intended to sweeten air

2. Disinfectant – substances which stops or prevents the growth of microorganism.

Sterilizer – special equipment used to kill or free instruments from bacteria, fungi, virus, spores and/or microorganisms

Sterilization – the destruction of all life for the purpose of preventing diseases

 

Methods of Sterilization

1.    Simple Boiling

2.    Steam under pressure ( e.g. autoclave)

3.    By hot air or dry heat sterilization

4.    By flame

5.    Intermittent or fractional sterilization utilizing moist heat – most effective in killing spores

6. Chemical / cold sterilization – sterilization in the liquid form

Disinfection – the process of destroying pathogenic microorganisms by the use of chemical agents known as disinfectants, the term is synonymous with germicide.

 

Antisepsis – the process whereby the growth and development of microorganisms are merely inhibited.

Pre-Operative Requirements (Patient’s Chart)

1.    Patient’s personal information

2. Case History

  Medical ( past and present)

Dental (past and present)

3. Clinical Examination

    -General (systemic conditions)

   - Regional – oral with supplemental diagnostic aids

  -Radiographs

-Dental Chart

4. Diagnosis, Treatment Plan and Treatment

Home Care Regimen ( of the Patient)

1. Toothbrush – one

of the indispensable hand instruments in the cleaning the teeth and other structures such as the tongue and gums.

 

Regular toothbrushing of 3x a day:

      can prevent the occurrence of caries and periodontal diseases by controlling the presence of virulent microorganisms.

      Can prevent halitosis      Gives patient a pleasant

feeling of cleanliness in the mouth

 

2. Dentifrices – paste of whitening and cleansing agent with appropriate amount of fluoride for caries prevention.

·    -pea-sized amount is sufficient·    -fluoride concentration of 1,000ppm to 1,500ppm 3. Dental Floss – or dental tape, used for interdental

cleaning method ·      waxed or unwaxed·      18-inch length of floss is recommended 4. Mouthwashes / mouth rinses – substances that

temporarily reduces oral malodor, leaving a pleasant taste

Dental Instruments

• refers to a wide variety of highly specific instruments held in hand and applied during the actual treatment procedure.

General Classification of

Dental Instruments

A. Operative Instruments

1. Hand–Hatchets

–Chisels

–Hoes

–Excavators

Restorative Dentistry Set :

GingivalMargin Trimmer

Hatchet

Gingival Margin Trimmer Hatchet

Cutting Instruments:

Gingival Margin Trimmer – produce proper bevel on proximoocclusal preparation

Hatchet is used for sharpening Internal Line Angles,particularly in preparations for gold restoration)

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Hoe

Hoe Cutting Instrument:

To refine gingival axial retentionScrape and flatten the axial wall and forming line angles

(Anterior & Posterior Teeth)

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Hoe

Restorative Dentistry Set :

Angle Former

Angle Former Cutting Instrument:

( To refine the internal point angles from cavosurface line angle and axial wall )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Angle Former Cutting Instrument:

( To refine the internal point angles from cavosurface line angle and axial wall )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Angle Former Cutting Instrument:

( To refine the internal point angles from cavosurface line angle and axial wall )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Angle Former

Restorative Dentistry Set :

Burs

Stones

Discs

-these are inserted in the handpiece

2. Rotary

3. Condensing Instrumentse.g. pluggers

Plugger

Plugger

Condensing Instruments:

( Plugger-Condensing InstrumentAmalgam, Composite and Canal Filling Spaces )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Condensing Instruments:

( Plugger-Condensing InstrumentAmalgam, Composite and Canal Filling Spaces )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Restorative Dentistry Set :

4. Plastic Instruments

–Spatulas

–Carvers

–Burnishers

–Packing instruments

Hollen Back

Hollen Back

Carving Instruments:

( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Carving Instruments:

( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Restorative Dentistry Set :

Hollen Back

Hollen Back

Carving Instruments:

( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Carving Instruments:

( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Restorative Dentistry Set :

Frahm

Frahm

Carving Instruments:

( Amalgam and Composite creating slopes, crevices and fissure lines )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Carving Instruments:

( Amalgam and Composite creating slopes, crevices and fissure lines )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Restorative Dentistry Set :

Amalgam Carrier

Amalgam Carrier:

( Vehicle carrier of mixed Amalgam and Mercury to apply and fill in a prepared tooth cavity )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Amalgam Carrier:

( Vehicle carrier of mixed Amalgam and Mercury to apply and fill in a prepared tooth cavity )

Scientific Hybrid Design:

Amalgam carrier

Restorative Dentistry Set :

5. Finishing and Polishing Instruments

• Hand

–Polishing points

–Finishing strips

• Rotary

–Finishing burs

–Rubber cups

6. Miscellaneous Instruments

–E.g. scissors

B. Prophylaxis and Diagnostic

1. explorers

2. probes

3. scalers

4. curettes

5. files

Gracey Scalers :

Posterior 11/12 Posterior 13/14 Posterior 15/16

+

5/6 7/8 11/12 13/14 TownersJaquette

“ The Package “

C. General Surgical Instruments

• forceps

• elevators

• bone chisels

• mallet

• curettes

Four Basic Hand Instruments 

• Mouth mirror

• Cotton Pliers

• Spoon excavators

• Explorers

Mouth MirrorExplorerS. ExcavatorTweeser

Restorative Dentistry Set 4 Basic Instruments :

MouthMirror Explorer

Spoon Excavator

Tweeser

Scientific Hybrid Design :

W. Tip : 112 / 140 Deg.

Length Ave. 145 mm.

Ave. Weight: 0.68 oz.

Explorer:Mouth MirrorLength Ave. 128 mm.

Handle Wght Ave. 105 mm.

Ave. Weight: 1.15 oz.

W. Tip : 2.0 - 2.5mm

Length Ave. 170 mm.

Ave. Weight: 0.88 oz.

Spoon Excavator:

W. Tip : 45mm / no lock

Length Ave. 145 mm.

Ave. Weight: 0.65 oz.

Tweeser:

Scientific Hybrid Design :

W. Tip : 112 / 140 Deg.

Length Ave. 145 mm.

Ave. Weight: 0.68 oz.

Explorer:Mouth MirrorLength Ave. 128 mm.

Handle Wght Ave. 105 mm.

Ave. Weight: 1.15 oz.

W. Tip : 2.0 - 2.5mm

Length Ave. 170 mm.

Ave. Weight: 0.88 oz.

Spoon Excavator:

W. Tip : 45mm / no lock

Length Ave. 145 mm.

Ave. Weight: 0.65 oz.

Tweeser:

Finger Positions REST - position assumed by the third

and fourth fingers to stabilize the position of the instrument

- position of the thumb resting somewhere on the teeth or gums.

• FINGER GUARD position assumed by the fingers of the non-operating hand to protect the parts being worked upon from injury.

Essential Parts of a Hand Instrument

 

 

Parts of Hand Instrument

Blade

Working Tip

Shank Handle

Blade or nib – point or head. functional endShank – connects the shaft and the blade or nibHandle or shaft- area where it is grasped

Basic Instruments Grasps

1. Pen

2. Inverted pen

3. Palm and Thumb

4. Position where no rest is needed

END OF LECTURE