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Can Manitoba hit 3 Million acres of Soybeans and do we

want to ?

Dennis LangeIndustry Development Specialist– Pulse CropsManitoba Agriculture

Question What is your best guess on 2017 soybeans acres? (Currently 1.6 million in 2016)

A: 1.6 million acresB: 1.7 million acresC: 2.0 million acresD: 1.4 million acresE: 2.2 million acres

3 million Soybean acres What to keep in Mind

• Competition for acres from other crops • Will we have tighter rotations –

Soybeans –Snow- Soybeans ?• Volunteer control –Canola ?• Fertility issues-Phosphate, ?• Weed resistance issues from tighter rotations ?• Weather- Fall frost- Dry conditions in August ?

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Assuming 353,479 acres Increase in 2017

Crystal Ball Projections for 3 million acres of soybeans

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Based on 200,000 acre per year growth

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Manitoba Historic soybean production

Source: MASC “Harvest Production Report” Marketshare 2016 Yield Estimated

ManitobaSoybean Yield and acres 2000-2016

Seed

ed A

cres

10 year Average

5 year Average

33 bu/ac 35 bu/acre

Red Spring Wheat Acres & Yields(2011-2015)

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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Source: MASC “Seeded Acreage Report”, “Harvest Production Report”

Grain Corn Acres & Yields(2011-2015)

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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Source: MASC “Seeded Acreage Report”, “Harvest Production Report”

*

Canola Acres & Yields (2012-2016)

Source: MASC “Seeded Acreage Report”, “Harvest Production Report”

5 year ACRES = 3.25 million, YIELDS = 37 bu/ac

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Yiel

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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016500,000

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Manitoba Crop land acres

Manitoba Crop land acres

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total crop land Acres 9,118,226 9,609,485 8,861,048 9,521,993 9,522,445

How many acres of crop land are planted each year ?

Which crops have seen biggest change in acres since 2012 ?

Crop Increase in Acres from 2012-2016

Soybeans 736,019 Feed Wheat 328,195 Field Peas 115,321 Grain Corn 65,908 Prairie Spring Wheat 54,957 Red Spring Wheat 48,141

Crop Drop in Acres from 2012-

2016Winter Wheat -422,854 Argentine Canola -332,423 Barley -113,198 Oats -98,168 Flax -53,317

Top 20 Crops Grown in ManitobaCrop 2016 acres Crop 2016 acresCanola Argentine 3,173,535 Corn Silage 96,229 

Wheat Spring  2,194,479 Flax 62,059 

Soybeans 1,646,521 Wheat PrarieSpring  59,461

Wheat Feed 374,131 Wheat Ped Red Spring 54,162

Barley 352,348 Beans, Pinto 48,292

Oats 336,427 PROCESS POTATOES IRR 43,346

Corn Grain 328,087 Sunflowers, Oil 36,752 

Field Peas 162,078 Sunflowers, Non Oil 31,170 

Wheat Winter  134,307 Perennial Ryegrass 25,701 Fall Rye 112,383 Beans, White Pea 24,226 

Source MASC

How Soybean acreshave changed?

Variety 2000Acres

2000 Yield bu/ac

8 Rm’sover500 acres

2015 Acres Yield bu/ac

Total MB acres 2000 18,419

Variety/ P9007

Total MBacres 2015 1.38 million

827 34 Emerson-Franklin

40,278 35

1752 36 Montcalm 28,159 39

1823 31 Rhineland 34,893

948 32 Roland 25,996 40595 27 Thompson 11,299 35

Variety/Gentleman606 30 MacDonald 64,913 43

849 19.5 Rosser 15,880 43

Soybeans Provincial Marketshare-2016

-------------------Early Maturity

Variety Selection has been and will continue to be a key to expanding acres

---------Early Maturity

------------Early Maturity

--------------------------------Late Maturity

----------------------Mid Maturity

---------Mid Maturity----------------Mid Maturity

--------------------------Mid Maturity

------------------------Mid Maturity

2015 ManitobaSoybeans by RM

Traditional Area 2015 61% of Soybean acres

Non Traditional Area 201539% of Soybean acres

Year % acres Traditional

% AcresNon Traditional

2015 61 % 39 %

2014 71 % 29 %

2013 76 % 24 %

2012 86 % 13%

2011 95% 5 %

What has been driving soybean acres ?• Price of commodity $11-12 beans make

sense to growers.• Earlier maturing varieties suited for

Manitoba conditions• Advent of Roundup Ready soybean-

weed control made easy• Soybeans ability to tolerant excess

moisture compared to other crops

September 23, 2013 Roblin

September 8, 2013

Dauphin, Manitoba

Based on Data from 1981-2010

• 67 RR lines Tested in 2016

• Very Early Season,

• Early Season,

• Mid Season• Long

Season

Maturity

Long term Yield, IDC Scores, SCN & PRR Resistance

Western Manitoba Growers

Maturity

Iron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) Challenge for all growers

IDCSoil PH and

Excess Moisture

Carbonate levels

Soluble Salts

IDC

MPSG Soil Fertility Fact Sheet

Iron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC)

• The plant cannot make chlorophyll due to a shortage of iron.

• When you have wet soils with high soil pH that also have high levels of carbonates and soluble salts, the Fe gets tied up and the plant cannot take up the iron it needs

• Fields with a carbonate level >5% and a salt level >1.0 mmhos/cm have a high risk of iron chlorosis.

The Soil Test

Olsen Phosphorus

8 PPM

Olsen Potassium320 PPM

Soybeans

Carbonates levels 5.9%

High

Sol. Salts 0.87 mmhos/cm

Spring Wheat

Soil PH 7.9

IDC-Trial- Data from site near WPG prone to IDC

Early Season Lines-Long TermVariety

IDC ratings IDC Grouping

NSC Reston 2.7 S

LS Northwester 2.0 STBishop R2 2.3 S23-11RY 1.7 TNotus R2 1.7 T

Mahony R2 2.9 SS001-B1 1.9 ST

McLeod R2 1.8 STS007-Y4 2.0 STTorro R2 2.4 S23-60RY 1.7 TS003-L3 2.2 ST

P006T78R 2.2 STPS 0035 NR2 1.9 STNSC Austin 2.2 ST

TH 32004R2Y 1.9 ST

Mid Season VarietiesVariety

IDC ratings IDC Grouping Variety IDC ratings IDC Grouping

PS 0055 R2 1.8 ST P008T70R 1.9 ST

TH 34006R2Y 2.1 ST

Akras R2 1.7 T HS 007RY32 1.9 ST

NSC Gladstone 2.1 ST Gray R2 1.9 ST

TH 35002R2Y 2.3 S LS Maidan 2.2 ST

LS 002R24N 2.0 ST NSC Tilston 1.8 ST

P006T46R 2.1 ST HS 006RYS24 1.7 T

Chadburn R2 1.7 T Hero R2 2.2 ST

S006-W5 2.6 S P008T22R2 1.6 T

LS 003R24N 1.9 ST Kosmo R2 2.1 ST

Lono R2 2.0 ST TH 33003R2Y 2.1 ST

P005T13R 1.8 ST PRO 2525R2 1.7 T

TH 33005R2Y 1.9 ST NSC Richer 1.6 T

24-10RY 1.9 ST 24-12RY 2.0 ST

Long Season Lines-Long Term

Variety

IDC ratings IDC Grouping

TAMULA R2 2.6 S

LS 005R22 1.8 ST

Currie R2 1.8 ST

DS0067Z1 1.7 T

LS Eclipse 2.2 ST

PS 0074 R2 1.7 T

Podaga R2 2.0 ST

HYDRA R2 2.1 ST

Astro R2 1.7 T

TH 36007R2Y 2.4 S

PRO 2535R2 1.8 ST

LS SOLAIRE 2.4 S

LS MISTRAL 1.6 T

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rotation

Table 1: Relative Yields (2000 - 2012) Relative yield response (percent of average) of Manitoba crops sown on previous crops (stubble >120 acre)

Previous Crop

Crop Planted

Spring Wheat Barley Oats Canola Flax

Soybeans

Sunflowers

Grain Corn

Winter Wheat 83 102 101 95 106 103 98 84

Spring Wheat 88 100 101 104 103 102 100 96

Barley 90 87 93 100 98 95 99 87Oats 89 87 84 92 95 104 101 97Canola 103 105 104 84 88 102 84 97Flax 96 106 99 100 77 89 101 NSDSoybeans 105 107 102 87 99 104 86 98

Sunflowers 97 102 94 NSD NSD 97 95 100

Grain Corn NSD 102 108 104 NSD 98 103 89

Source Management Plus Program MASC

Table 2: Relative Yields (2008 - 2012) Relative yield response (percent of average) of Manitoba crops sown on previous crops (stubble >120 acre)

Previous Crop

Crop Planted

Spring Wheat Barley Oats Canola Flax Soybeans

Sunflowers

Grain Corn

Winter Wheat 74 106 100 97 107 101 97 87

Spring Wheat 85 98 101 104 104 103 101 100

Barley 89 84 93 100 96 100 97 99

Oats 90 86 82 92 95 99 100 93

Canola 102 103 104 85 88 101 95 95

Flax 98 110 97 104 73 96 98 NSD

Soybeans 106 106 105 98 100 95 92 103

Sunflowers 99 102 96 NSD NSD 99 88 99

Grain Corn NSD 101 106 104 NSD 107 112 87

Source Management Plus Program MASC

Crop on Crop Frequency

Previous Crop

Crop Planted 2000-2012

frequency and average acres

Crop Planted 2008-2012

frequency and average acres

Soybeans Soybeans

Soybeans 13 % 15 %

Average Acres over Time Period 310,000 555,000

Fertility

Soil Test P Trends in Manitoba:% Testing <10 ppm Olsen STP

• P fertilization regardless of soil test P, P rate and Pplacement did not increase seed yield for soybean

• The probability of reduced stand from typicalagronomic rates of seed-placed P is small and therisk of reduced seed yields is even smaller

• Overall, seedrow placement of P for soybeans is asmall risk, with little, if any reward

Summary and Conclusions Short term effects of P fertilizer rate & placement

Gustavo Bardella, Don Flaten, and John Heard

Phosphorus should be managed through the rotation … not just on a single crop basis • What is the current soil P

level?– If excess, can draw down by

using only starter P– If near optimum, can balance

input and removal– If low, may want to build by

applying fertilizer or manure P in excess of crop removal

Soil P

Inoculants-Choices

• Liquid • Peat• Granular• Cheap insurance• Soybeans need 150-200 lbs/acre of N to

produce a 30 bushel/acre crop• What about fields that have had several

double inoculated soybean crops? Can I move to single inoculation?......stay tuned!!

What’s Missing from RootsSoybean fields with no history still need to be double inoculated

Southern NDRichland County

Ingrid Kristjanson MAFRD

Weed Control• Control weeds early - soybeans are poor

competitors with weeds when small.• Registered at first trifoliate but don’t wait if

weeds are a problem• Scout your fields before

and after spraying • Watch for weeds

not controlled by firstapplication.

Challenges to expansion- Rotation

Volunteer Canola Control in SoybeansPreplant/Preemergence Group TimingAuthority Charge 14 Pre-plant/pre-emergeBlackhawk 4 & 14 Pre-plantFlumioxazin (Valtera) 14 Pre-plant/pre-emergeFlexstar GT ** RRV 9 &14 Pre-plant/pre-emerge

Focus ( Aim, Pyroxasulfone) 14 & 15 Pre-plant/pre-emerge

Glyphosate Plus 9• Aim (CleanStart) 14 & 9 Pre-plant

• Tribenuron (Express SG) 2 & 9 Pre-plant

• Heat 14 & 9 Pre-plant/pre-emerge

Treflan, EC Rival & Metribuzin 3 & 5 Pre-plant/pre-emerge

Volunteer Canola Control in Soybeans

Post Emergence Group Timing

Basagran/Basagran Forte

6 After 1st trifoliate

Flexstar GT *Only inRRV

9 & 14 1st to 2nd trifoliate

Imazethapyr 2 Up to and including 3rd trifoliate

Odyssey 2 1st to 3rd trifoliate

Reflex*RRV & Basagran

14 & 6 1st to 2nd trifoliate

Viper ADV 2 & 6 Up to 3rd trifoliate

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases

Root Rot/Seedling Blight

• 4 major pathogens

• Management: Crop rotation, seed treatment, resistant cultivars

Pathogen Environment Notes

Pythium spp. Cold, wet soil Resistance not available

Phytophthora sojae Warm, wet soil Unique to soybeans, resistanceavailable, attack any stage

Rhizoctonia solani Warm, moist/wet Brick red colouration, resistance not available

Fusarium spp. Warm, dry/moist Partial resistance identified,current work by Deb McLaren (AAFC)

Kristen Podolsky MPGA

PhytophthoraRoot rot

• See PRR section of Variety Description Table in SEED MB, MPSG Pulse Evaluation Guide

• Matching up of GeneticResistance of Pathogen Strain

PredominateRACE

PRR

4* 1k

25 1c28 1c3 1c*Most Predominate

One of these Plants is not like the other

Roundup Ready-Sprayed with Glyphosate

Roundup Ready Soybeans-Sprayed with Dicamba

A soybean is no longer soybean• Extend

(Dicamba Tolerant)

• Liberty Link• Conventional• Roundup

Ready• Future 2-4D

Tolerant

Extend Soybeans 2017• Maturity/Yield- Has not been tested in MB

Provincial trials –Tested in company demo plots

• Pay close attention to droplet size, Large droplet size to reduce drift

• Triple rinse after spraying Dicamba Tolerant Beans

• Know your surroundings- Avoid drift to non target crops

SCN-Soybean Cyst Nematode

SCN Varieties-Seed Manitoba 2017

Imidacloprid Proposed Re-evaluation • Health Canada has published a Proposed Re-evaluation Decision for

imidacloprid for a 90-day consultation period.

• In some aquatic environments in Canada, imidacloprid is being measured at levels that are harmful to certain insect populations.

• Health Canada’s proposed risk management plan includes transitioning the agriculture industry away from using imidacloprid within three years, for most products.

• In some cases, where there are no alternative pest control products available, a longer phase-out period of five years is being proposed to allow for the development of new alternatives.

• Based on the findings of this re-evaluation, the Department is initiating special reviews for two other neonicotinoid pesticides, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, which are also being detected frequently in aquatic environments.

Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments in Field Crops in Canada

• Helix (T),* Gaucho (I), Prosper (C)----------------Canola, mustard

• Cruiser (T)--------------------------Corn, soybeans, cereals, pulse crops, sunflowers, potatoes

• Stress Shield (I)------------------- Cereals, soybeans, pulse crops

• Poncho (C) -----------------------Corn

• Alias (I)------------------------------ Cereals, soybeans, potatoes

• Titan (C), Actara (T), Admire (I), Grapple (I)----------Potatoes

* T=Thiamethoxam I=Imidacloprid C=Clothianidin

Summary-Can we hit 3 million Acres ?• Rotation, Rotation, Rotation• Monitor for field fertility not just soybean fertility• Weather- Temperature and moisture will play role in

expansion• Watch for resistance weed issue, catch it earlier• Other crops and commodity prices will a role in

soybean expansion• Soybeans are a profitable crop, lets keep it profitable

through management.

Not the only One .

For Further Information

Dennis LangeIDS-PulsesManitoba Agriculture204-324-4383Dennis.Lange@gov.mb.ca

Manitoba Crop land acresManitoba Crop land acres

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Changefrom 2015-2016

Totalcrop land 9,118,226 9,609,485 8,861,048 9,521,993 9,522,445RedSpring Wheat 2,146,338 2,625,703 2,173,514 2,497,375 2,194,479 ‐302,896 Argentine Canola 3,505,958 3,262,419 3,040,491 3,160,998 3,173,535 12,537 Soybeans 831,902 1,056,652 1,298,688 1,346,349 1,567,921  221,572