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Demolition and Recycling –an Important Part ofSustainable Building

Steinar AmloNorconsult, Norway

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Contents

�Introduction to a project that has transformeda hospital area into an urban residential area

�Harmfull pollutants in yesterdays buildingmaterials must be treated as special waste

�Reuse and recycling�Research and development in demolition and

Recycling

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1873

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Standard regulations for the area

�Rate of explotation (sqm building/sqm land)�Number of parkering lots pro appartment�A certain amount of the the appartments

should be for families (four roomappartments)

How can we make this projectmore sustainable ?

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An environmental programwith quantitative targets:

�Demolition of old buildings�New buildings and renovated buildings�Use of the buildings

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When the land was sold,the environmental program

was used as a contractdocument.

The buyers of the land must satisfy the demands in theenvironmental program.

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Environmental program - targets

�Recycling of the material from buildings for demolition (min. 90 %)

�Reuse of buildingparts from buildings for demolition (min. 0,25 %) in the new buildings

�Consumption of energy in the new buildings�Appartments: 100 kWh / sqm. year�Business: 90 kWh / sqm. year

�LCA of the five most used materials (weight) for new buildings

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Environmental program - targets

�”Green roofs” on all new buildings�Indoor parking for bikes (2 per appartment)�Daylight factor min. 2,0 %�25 % recycled materials in the new buildings�The rate of injuries during the building period

should be lower than average in the buildingindustry

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Achievements

�A green and more sustainable residential area�Carparking undergroud�Nice park, popular area�The entrepreneurs try to fullfill the targets in

the environmental program�The building industry itself has learned from

this project

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Unsustainable demolition

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16 Buildings demolishedBuilt 1880 to 1995, Area = 54.500 m2

Remarks%Tonns

10098.200Total

0,1111Special Waste

1,51500Waste

1666 t fundaments (huge stones)

2,92.900Reused

Includes someelectric waste

95,493.700Recycled

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Harmfull pollutants inyesterdays and todays

building materials

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Sustainable renovation and demolition

1. Survey for harmful pollutants2. Removing of harmful pollutants3. Demounting of materials for reuse4. “Stripping the building” to the structure

(concrete, brick, steel, wood) and sorting by materials

5. Demolition of the structure

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Facts� Harmful pollutants are present in yesterdays and

today's building materials and building installations

�Polychlorinated Biphenyl's (PCB)�Mercury (Hg)�Chromium – Copper – Arsenic (CCA)�Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)�Flame retardants (Bromated substances)�Cadmium (Cd)�Beryllium (Be)�Lead (Pb)�Asbestos

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Contents

� How do these harmful pollutants affect us� Where to find them� How to avoid the harmful pollutants from renovation

and demolition of buildings to pollute the nature and the unpolluted building materials

� Selective demolition� Reuse of old building materials and installations

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How do the harmful pollutantsin building materials

merge intoour food and our environment ?

�Leaching from landfills of building materials�Leaching from recycled materials (concrete

and bricks in roads and new buildings)�Recycling of scrap metal

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Human Effects� Carcinogen� Toxic� Reducing fertility� Damage to the central

neural system (Hg)

Environmental Effects� Fat soluble� Concentrating in the food

chain� Severe damage to

ecological systems by reducing the number of species

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UN meeting looks at ways to rid world of harmful pollutants

”Ridding the world of PCBs – pollutants that can suppress the human immune system and could cause cancer – was the focus of a two-day meeting sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) which wrapped up today (10-06-2004) in Geneva.”

”In addition, large quantities of PCBs have been discharged into soils, rivers and lakes over the years. Further releases continue to result due to accidents, the repair and decommissioning of equipment, thedemolition of buildings and the continued existence of imperfectly sealed landfills and waste drums, the agency said. ”

United Nations Newscentre - 10. juni 2004 .

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Brain Warning over ChemicalsThe Guardian 02.06.2004

� Chemicals are harming the brain development of many children in Europe

� PCB and Flame retardants� The European Commission

regards the increasing occurrence of development and learning disability as a "significant public health problem".

� WWF-UK: ”We banned PCBs and then found out later that they were a lot worse than we thought they were”

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These harmful pollutantsare present

in somebuilding materials and installations

especially inbuildings built or renovated

in the period 1960 -1980

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Electric Lightning

� Capacitors (PCB)� Tubes (Hg)� Rechargeable batteries

in emergency lightning (Cd)

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Doors

� Sealants around the door (PCB)

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Windows

� Glue in Thermal Glass until 1980 (PCB)

� Thermal windows unto 1970 (Pb)

� Sealants around the windows (PCB)

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CFC

Asbestos

PCB

Flameretardants

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Cooling units

� Gas (CFCs)� Insulation of the

plumbing (flame retardants)

� Capacitors (PCB)� Temperature

transmitters (Hg)

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Prefabricated concrete elements

� Sealants between concrete elements in the floors and the facades (PCB)

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Wood for outdoor use

� Terraces� Stairs

Chromium CrCopper CuArsenic As

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