Data Mining Music

Paul LamereMarch 11, 2012

#SXMusicData

Digital music revolution continues

I’ve got 10 million

songs in my pocket.

Now what?

#SXMusicData

10 Easy Pieces

• Artist names

• Artist relationships

• Fan Passion

• Better recommendations

• Frog-based playlisting

• Finding a better drummer

• The Loudness War

• Looking for the slow build

• Automatic music visualization

• Data-driven music remixing

Mining Data about music Mining music itself

#SXMusicData

Tale of Two Datasets

#SXMusicData

MusicBrainz

• Basic metadata

• 645K Artists

• 1M Releases

• 10M Recordings

• And more ...

Let’s have some fun with MusicBrainz data

#SXMusicData

Have band names been getting longer?

#SXMusicData

let’s use the some data to find out• Collect the top 500 artists for each 5 year window

(via Echo Nest or Musicbrainz)• Calculate the average name length for period.

#SXMusicData

Have artist names been getting longer?

• Collect the top 500 artists for each 5 year window• Calculate the average name length for period.

The code is shorter than Zach’s answer

Let’s find out with big data!

(well, really not that big)

#SXMusicData

The average length of artist names peaked in the period from 1955-1959.Average name length was 2 characters longer in 1955 than in 2012

Average name length

Have band names been getting longer? NO

#SXMusicData

Band names from 1955-1959

44 Van McCoy & The Soul City Symphony Orchestra35 Academy of St. Martin in the Fields33 The Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem33 Cliff Bennett & The Rebel Rousers32 Maurice Williams and The Zodiacs31 Herb Alpert & The Tijuana Brass30 Smokey Robinson & The Miracles30 Little Anthony & The Imperials29 Van Morrison & The Chieftains29 Nelson Riddle & His Orchestra29 George Clinton and Parliament29 Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers29 Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem

#SXMusicData

Longest band names

51 2010 Tim and Sam’s Tim and the Sam Band with Tim and Sam48 1994 ...And You Will Know Us By The Trail Of The Dead47 1967 Charles Wright & The Watts 103rd St Rhythm Band46 1993 The Presidents of the United States of America44 1959 Van McCoy & The Soul City Symphony Orchestra43 2000 Richard Cheese & Lounge Against The Machine43 1950 Benedictine Monks of Santo Domingo de Silos41 1981 Emir Kusturica & The No Smoking Orchestra39 1972 Afrika Bambaataa & The Soul Sonic Force37 2010 Antoine Dodson & The Gregory Brothers37 2005 Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeroes37 1999 Someone Still Loves You Boris Yeltsin36 1977 Gloria Estefan & Miami Sound Machine

#SXMusicData

More fun with MusicBrainzArtist relationship data

#SXMusicData

We can build an Oracle of Kevin Bacon for music

#SXMusicData

How many steps from Eric Clapton to Justin Bieber?

Eric Clapton

Phil Collins

Usher Justin BieberPerformed

on trackI wish it

would Rainwith Phil Collins

Composed You’ll be in my Heart

performed by Usher

Who performed

on First Dance with

Justin Bieber

#SXMusicData

Six Degrees of Black Sabbath

http://labs.echonest.com/SixDegrees/?start=eric+clapton&end=justin+bieber

#SXMusicData

The Million Song Data Set

• Core Data: Echo Nest analysis for a million songs

• Complimentary Data

• Second Hand Songs - 20K cover songs

• MusixMatch - 237K bucket-of-words lyric sets

• Last.fm tags - song level tags for 500K tracks. plus 57 million sim. track pairs

• Echo Nest Taste profile subset - 1M users, 48M user/song/play count triples

http://labrosa.ee.columbia.edu/millionsong/

#SXMusicData

Data mining listener data

Who are the most passionate fans?

Dubstep Fan Metal heads

#SXMusicData

Passion Index

High plays per listener

#SXMusicData

Passion Index

Low plays per listener

#SXMusicData

Who has the most passionate fans?

#SXMusicData

Who has the most passionate fans?

Average 115 plays per fan

#SXMusicData

Passion Index

Metal heads are passionate

music fans

passionate

#SXMusicData

Passion Index

Who has the least passionate fans?

#SXMusicData

Passion Index Who has the least passionate fans?

Average only 5 plays per ‘fan’

#SXMusicData

Better RecommendationsPeople who listen to the Beatles also listen to:

That’s pretty boring

#SXMusicData

Better RecommendationsPeople who bought Sgt Pepper’s also bought:

That’s pretty irrelevant

If you like The Beatles you might like

Going beyond user data

• Top ‘terms’ for an artist

• Artist popularity

• Artist familiarity

• Artist relations

• Years of activity

• Fan Passion

Beatles near neighbor graph tuned for discovery

The Beatles

Bob Dylan Emitt Rhodes

The Beau Brummels The Hollies

Pink Floyd Bee Gees

The Who

Elvis Presley

The Byrds

Harry Nilsson

Badfinger

Todd Rundgren

Duncan Browne

The Left Banke

The Zombies

The Lovin' Spoonful

Buffalo Springfield

The Grass Roots Moby Grape

The Beatles

Pink Floyd Bee Gees

The Who

Elvis Presley

The Byrds

Harry Nilsson

Badfinger

Todd Rundgren

Duncan Browne

The Left Banke

The Zombies

The Lovin' Spoonful

Buffalo Springfield

The Beatles

Pink Floyd Bee Gees

The Who

Elvis Presley

The Byrds

Harry Nilsson

Badfinger

Todd Rundgren

Duncan Browne

The Left Banke

The Zombies

The Lovin' Spoonful

Buffalo Springfield

#SXMusicData

More fun with artist similarity graphs

http://www.stanford.edu/~dgleich/demos/worldofmusic/WorldOfMusic.html

#SXMusicData

Finding a path from the smooth jazz of Kenny G

To the brutal death metal

of Nile

#SXMusicData

Kenny G

Amy Lee John Tesh Kim Waters David Sanborn David Foster Gerald Albright Dave Koz George Howard James Vargas

Jan Hammer Jay Graydon Michael Kamen Stephen Bishop

Jennifer Warnes Dan Hill Andrew Gold Art Garfunkel Christopher Cross Dan Fogelberg Barry Manilow

Bread Ambrosia Benny Mardones Little River Band Michael McDonald

Peter Cetera

Kenny Loggins

Captain & Tennille

James IngramPaul Carrack Hall & Oates

Culture Club The Doobie Brothers The Righteous Brothers Phil Collins Billy Ocean Daryl Hall Rick Springfield

Rod Stewart

Dire Straits

Labi Siffre Richard Marx Elton John Peter Gabriel Michael Bolton Sting

Bee Gees Three Dog NightFleetwood Mac Paul McCartney Joe Cocker Neil Sedaka Long John Baldry

Christine McVieThe Rolling Stones Lindsey Buckingham Chicken Shack Peter Frampton Dance Yourself to Death Stevie Nicks Bob Welch

Bob SegerMott The Hoople Pat Travers Band Eric Clapton

J.J. CaleGary Moore Jimmy Page Alvin Lee Jimi Hendrix John Mayall & The Bluesbreakers Michael Burks Mark Knopfler

Jefferson Airplane The Doors Haale Led Zeppelin John Frusciante Janis Joplin Ace Frehley Eric Gales

Dave Navarro Beck Chad Smith The Mars Volta Slash Ataxia

The Prize Fighter Inferno Sparta Free Moral Agents The Dillinger Escape Plan The Stiletto Formal Omar A. Rodriguez-Lopez Schoolyard Heroes Heroes & Zeros

Benea Reach Car Bomb Spitfire Ephel Duath Meshuggah The Number Twelve Looks Like You HORSE the band Look What I Did Fear Before the March of Flames

Synthetic Breed Zero Hour TesseracT Gojira Carcass

Textures

Periphery Forbidden

Septic FleshStrapping Young Lad Lamb of God Nile Mastodon

Finding a path from the smooth jazz of Kenny

To the brutal death metal of Nile

#SXMusicData

Kenny G

Peter Cetera

Kenny Loggins

Captain & Tennille

Rod Stewart

Dire Straits

Textures

Periphery Forbidden

#SXMusicData

Kenny G

Peter Cetera

Kenny Loggins

Captain & Tennille

Rod Stewart

Dire Straits

Textures

Periphery Forbidden

#SXMusicData

Boil the Frog

#SXMusicData

Music is data too

Sections

Segments

The Beat Hierarchy

Tatums

#SXMusicData http://labs.echonest.com/click/

#SXMusicData

Fun with Loudness data

#SXMusicData

Why does today’s music sound like crap?

http://musicmachinery.com/2009/03/23/the-loudness-war/

Dave Brubeck’s Take Five - released in 1959

20 dB of dynamic range

#SXMusicData http://musicmachinery.com/2009/03/23/the-loudness-war/

Metallica’s Cyanide - released in 2008

Why does today’s music sound like crap?

3 dB of dynamic range

#SXMusicData http://musicmachinery.com/2009/03/23/the-loudness-war/

The Loudness wars

#SXMusicData

Fun with Loudness Info

http://musicmachinery.com/2011/09/18/looking-for-the-slow-build/

Looking for the slow build

#SXMusicData

Fun with Loudness InfoLooking for the slow build

#SXMusicData

Timbre and Pitch Data

#SXMusicData

Fun with Timbre info

http://static.echonest.com/BohemianRhapsichord/index.html

Bohemian Rhapsichord

#SXMusicData

Fun with Pitch info

MIDEM Music Machine

http://static.echonest.com/MidemMusicMachine/index.html

Data-driven music manipulations

Turning music into silly putty

#SXMusicData

Data-driven music remixing

Once you have precise information on all of the musical events in a song, you can use this info to algorithmically

remix the song

#SXMusicData

Tristan’s The SwingerMakes any song swing

#SXMusicData

Tristan’s WaltzifyTurns a 4/4 song into a Waltz

#SXMusicData

I’ve got 10 million songs in my pocket.Now what?

Tools and techniques that help us better understand the world of music

will be increasingly important

#SXMusicData

A cautionary noteTaste is irrational

Music I Like

Music You Like

Music I UsedTo Like

Get this t-shirt at dieselsweeties.com

#SXMusicData

http://musicmachinery.com/

Data Mining Music

Technology

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