Post on 24-Jul-2020
RequirementsExpertsTraining and Services for Project Success
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DataGovernancePMIClearLake/GalvestonChapter
Lou Wheatcraftlouw@reqexperts.com
www.reqexperts.com/blog
Copyright ReqExperts.com
RequirementsExpertsTraining and Services for Project Success
LouWheatcraft
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• Senior instructor/consultant for Requirements Experts (RE)
• Has taught over 180 requirement seminars over the last 17 years.
• 22 years in the US Air Force
• Heavy involvement in space systems (DoD launch vehicles and spacecraft, NASA Space Shuttle, International Space Station)
• Worked in the Astronaut Office at Johnson Space Center for 6 years. �
• Lou works with both government and industry clients.
• Co-chair of the INCOSE Requirements Working Group for the last 17 years.
• Member of PMI, the Software Engineering Institute (SEI), the World Futures Society, and the National Honor Society of Pi Alpha Alpha.
• Has a BS degree in Electrical Engineering, MA degree in Computer Information Systems, MS degree in Environmental Management, and has completed the course work for an MS degree in Studies of the Future
• Is the primary contributor to RE’s blog on requirements best practices. The blog can be assessed at: http://www.reqexperts.com/blog .
Introduction
• Today,dataandinformationwithintheenterpriseandprojectsaredevelopedandstoredelectronically
• Theenterpriseandprojectisdependentonthisdataandinformation
• Feworganizationshavedocumenteddatagovernanceandinformationmanagementpoliciesdefinedanddocumented
• Becauseofthis,theproject’sdataandinformationisatrisk,puttingtheenterpriseandprojectsatrisk.
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Contents
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– Thispresentationwill• Introducetheconceptsofdatagovernance,information
management,andtheirrelationshiptoIT.• Outlinestepstheenterpriseandprojectsneedtotaketobe
successfulintoday’selectronicage.
Theseareprobablynewconceptsfewprojectmanagershavethoughtabout- letaloneaddressedintheirorganization- yetareessentialconceptsforprojectmanagementtounderstandtobesuccessful.
Data,Information,Knowledge,Wisdom
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DataDataData
Information
Knowledge
In discussing “data”, it is important to understand the relationship between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. (Bellinger 2004-2),• Data: individual facts/bits/datum without context, by
themselves they have little value• Information: data with context allowing us to
expand on the data and gain information, insight, and knowledge
• Knowledge: aggregation of information, helps apply the information allowing us to define context, patterns, correlations, causations, inform standards, etc.
• Wisdom: knowledge plus experience
PMBOK– KnowledgeBase
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PMBOK– ProjectData&Information
WhatisDataGovernance?
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Data Governance (DG) is the formulation of policy to optimize, secure, manage, and leverage data
and information as an enterprise asset.
DG includes vision, principles, processes, and requirements to oversee and control the
management of data and information and the use of data and data-related resources and
information within the enterprise.
ThefollowingDGbasicprinciplesneedtobeestablishedattheenterpriseleveltoguideallenterpriseactivities:ª Dataandinformationareassets– Dataandinformationareassetsthathavevaluetothe
enterpriseandmustbemanagedaccordingly.Dataandinformationarethelife-bloodoftheenterprise.
ª Dataandinformationmustbeabletobetrusted– Tobetrustedthedataandinformationmustbecorrect,consistent,ofhighquality,andmanaged.
ª Dataandinformationmustbesecure– Dataandinformationmustbeprotectedfromunauthorizeduseanddisclosure.
ª Dataandinformationriskmustbemitigated– Thereisriskassociatedwithdataandinformationwhichmustberecognizedandmitigated.Thisriskalsocanrepresentaliabilityifdataandinformationiscompromisedormisused.
ª Dataandinformationmustbeaccessibleandshareable– Usersmusthaveaccesstothedataandinformationnecessarytoperformtheirduties;therefore,dataandinformationmustbesharableacrosstheenterprisefunctionsandorganizationsthathaveaneedforthedataandinformation.
ª Dataandinformationhaveanownerandsteward– Eachdataelementandinformationhasadataowneraccountableforpropermanagement,access,andusageofthedataandinformationandastewardaccountablefordataandinformationquality.
ª ACommonVocabulary(ontologyandschema)mustbedefined - Alldataandinformationmustbeclearlydefinedconsistentlythroughouttheenterprisewiththedefinitionsunderstandableandavailabletoallstakeholders.
DataGovernancePrinciples
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ª DGfortheenterpriseisestablishedandcontrolledatthebusinessmanagementlevel
ª TheDGprocessesandrequirements:– Ensurethatdataandinformationismanagedinalignmentwiththebasic
principlesandneedsoftheenterprise;– Managedataandinformationwithinthelargestrelevantcontextofthe
enterprisestrategy,goals,andobjectives;– Definethedataandinformationtobegovernedandpoliciesfor:security,
access,sharing,quality,andbackup/archivalstorage,andretention;– Ensurecompliancewithregulations,standards,policies,andrequirements
thatgovernaccess,privacy,quality,andsecurityofthedataandinformation;– Supportandenableknowledgebaseddecisions,analysis,andanalytics;– Ensuredataandinformationusageachievesmaximumvaluetothe
enterpriseanditscustomerswhilemanagingthecostandqualityofinformationhandling;
– Enforcetheconsistent,integrated ,anddisciplineduseofdataandinformationwithintheenterpriseandpartners.
DataGovernance
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OrganizationalLayers
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NeedsView RequirementsView
ConceptofOperations(ConOps)
SystemRequirementsSystem
SystemElement
BusinessOperations
BusinessManagement
Enterprise
BusinessNeeds
BusinessRequirements
BusinessorMissionAnalysisProcess
StakeholderNeedsAndRequirementsDefinitionProcess
SystemRequirements
Process
EnterpriseStrategies
Analysis
Analysis
StakeholderRequirements
StakeholderNeeds
BusinessRequirementSpecification
(BRS)
PreliminaryLife-cycleConcepts:Operations(OpsCon),Acquisition,Deployment,Support,Retirement
Analysis
SystemNeeds
Analysis
SystemElementNeeds
SystemElementRequirements
SystemElementLife-cycleConcepts:OpsCon,Acquisition,Deployment,Support,Retirement
SystemLife-cycleConcepts:OpsCon,Acquisition,Deployment,Support,Retirement
Life-cycleConcepts:OpsCon,Acquisition,Deployment,Support,Retirement
ArchitectureDefinitionProcess
StakeholderRequirementSpecification
(StRS)
SystemRequirementSpecification
(SyRS)
SystemElement
RequirementSpecifications
SystemRequirements
Process
ArchitectureDefinitionProcess
Successstartsatthetop
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ª Attheenterpriselevel,strategiesaredefinedthatwillguideitsfuture.Leadershipcommunicatestheirvisionandintentionsregardingtheoperationoftheorganization—intermsofexistingsystems,processes,andsystemstobedeveloped– includingprinciplesofdatagovernance.
ª Atthebusinessmanagementleveltheconcepts,needs,resultingrequirementsaredocumentedthatwillresultinaninfrastructurethatenablestheenterprisetoimplementdatagovernanceprinciples.– Thisincludesdefiningdatagovernanceandinformationmanagementpolicies,
plans,requirementsanddevelopingtheinformationtechnology(IT)architecturerequirementstailoredtotheneedsoftheprojects,productlines,andcultureoftheenterprise.Includedatthislevelconfigurationmanagement(CM)policyisdefined.
ª Atthebusinessoperationslevelwheretheprojectsoperate,theinfrastructureisputinplacetoallowprojectstodevelopandmanagesystemsperthedatagovernanceanddataandinformationplansdefinedatthebusinessmanagementlevel.– Thisinvolvesdefininganorganizationstandardontology,operatingprocedures,
workinstructions,processes,etc.;acquiringtheITinfrastructure,definingamasterschemafortheprojectdatabasesandfilemanagementsystems.
PMBOK- OrganizationalGovernance
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Cross-OrganizationalCooperation
DataGovernance
DataManagement
InformationTechnology
Datasets/Information
Assets
Definestherules
Adheres totherules
Adheres totherules
Supplies theinfrastructure
accessible,secure,compliant, searchable,sharable,highestquality,backedup,andarchived
Definesneeds
BusinessManagement
BusinessOperations
• DG requires cross-organizational cooperation to deliver timely, trustworthy data and information for better decisions and knowledge
• DG is achieved through a partnership between the Business Management and Business Operations
Example:BuildingaHouse
ª Buildingcodesandarchitecturedesignbestpractices
ª Thearchitectworkswithhomeownertocomeupwithadesignthatwillmeettheowner’sneedsandexpectationswhilebeingcompliancewiththegovernance
– Suppliesspaceforrequiredfunctions:foodprep,foodconsumption,hygiene,sleep,entertainment/recreation,etc.
– Suppliesservices:power,plumbing,safety,security,internet,etc.ª Thebuilderimplementsthearchitecturedesignwhileworkingwith
theownersandbeingincompliancewiththegovernance
ª Thehomeownersconductoperationswithinthesuppliedarchitecture,i.e.,(liveinthehouse).
– Neitherthearchitectnorbuilderareresponsibleforthedailyoperationsofthehomeownerandtheirfamily.
– Thehomeownerisaccountableforallactivitiestheirfamilyconductsinthehome.
– Buildermaintainsthehome
Information Technology
Governance
Data Management(Distributed across
operations and projects)
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Cross-OrganizationalCooperation
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• Data Governance defines the rules “what”. • Data Management (DM) and Information Technology (IT)
adhere to the rules “how”. • Data Management defines the needs and requirements for
the information technology infrastructure. • Information Technology supplies and maintains that
infrastructure per those requirements.
The projects are responsible for the management of their data and information!!
ª ITisresponsiblefortheITinfrastructureneededinsupportofbusinessmanagementleveldatagovernanceandprojectmanagementneedsandrequirements
ª TheITorganizationexistsatthebusinessoperationslevel.ª TheroleofITisto:
– Develop,establish,andmanageenterprisedataarchitectureandplatformsinalignmentwithdatagovernanceanddatamanagementpolicies,principles,processes,andrequirementsdefinedatthebusinessmanagementlevel.
– Supply,maintain,andprovidesupportforhardwareandsoftware(ProjectManagementandSystemsEngineeringtoolsets)neededtomeettheneedsoftheorganizationalelementdatamanagementactivities.
– Designandimplementdataaccess,security,search,sharing,quality,backup,andarchivalstoragecontrolservicesinalignmentwithenterprisedatagovernanceandmanagementandneedsoftheindividualorganizationalelements(operationsandprojects). 17
InformationTechnology
ª DMmanagesthedataandinformationassetswithinanenterpriseandorganizationelements.– DMoccursatthebusinessoperationslevelbythebusinessunitsand
programs/projectswithinthebusinessunits.– DMaddressesthe“how”toimplementdatagovernanceanddataand
informationmanagementrequirementsdefinedatthebusinessmanagementlevel.
ª Therearemultiplelevelsofdatamanagement:– BusinessManagement:defines,controls,monitorsimplementation,and
ensurescompliancewithenterprisedatagovernancepolicies,requirements,andprocessesandprovidesthedirection,philosophy,andmindsetrequiredtomanageenterprisedataassets.
– OrganizationalElements:develop,implement,andmanagedataandinformationmanagementplansthatimplemententerprisedatagovernancerequirementsandprocesses.
• Theorganizationalelementsareresponsiblefortheday-to-day“activities”thatmustbeperformedtoachievethemanagementofdataandinformationassetswithintheirorganizationalelement.
DataManagement
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ProjectManagementPlan(PMP)
ª ThePMP– Establishesthedirectionandinfrastructurenecessarytoenablethemonitoring
andcontroloftheprojectactivities– Identifiesthe
• detailsoftheworktobeaccomplished• setofpersonnel,skills,resources,equipment,andfacilities• scheduleandbudgetforresourcesfromwithinandoutsidetheorganizationneededtosuccessfullycompletetheproject
• workproductsthatwillbegeneratedandmanaged• keymeasuresthatwillbeusedtomanagetheproject• dataandinformationneeds• toolstobeusedtogenerateandmaintaintheworkproductsandunderlyingdataandinformation
• ITinfrastructure• projectontology 19
PMBOK– Monitor&Control
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PMBOK- InformationManagement
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InformationManagementPlan(IMP)
ª TheIMP:– providesthebasisforthemanagementofandaccesstoprojectdataand
informationthroughouttheproject– addressesthefunctionsassociatedwithprojectdataandinformation
management– identifiestheproject-relevantdataandinformationtobecollected,retained,
secured,anddisseminated– ensurestheproject’sdataandinformationisproperlystored,maintained,
secured,andaccessibletothosewhoneedit,therebyestablishing/maintainingintegrityofrelevantsystemlifecycleworkproductsandunderlyingdataandinformation
ThepreparationoftheprojectIMPatthebeginningoftheprojectisessentialtoprojectsuccess.
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TheIMPneedsto:
ª Establishthescopeofprojectdataandinformationthatistobemaintained,accessprivileges,andsharingcriteria;
ª Identifytheresourcesandpersonnelskillsrequiredspecifictoinformationmanagement
ª Definetheinformationmanagementtaskstobeperformedª Definetherights,obligations,andcommitmentsofpartiesforgeneration,
management,andaccesstoprojectdataandinformationª Identifydataandinformationmanagementtoolsandprocesses,aswellas
methodologies,standards,andproceduresthatwillbeusedª Defineamasterschemafortheintegrateddatasetanddatabasesthatwillbeused
tostorethedataassociatedwiththevariousworkproductsandunderlyingdata– Theschemaincludesformatsandmediaforcapture,retention,transmission,
sharing,analysis,andretrievalofdataandinformation17
TheIMPneedsto:
ª Identifyvalidsourcesofdataandinformationanddesignatingauthorities(owners)andresponsibilitiesregardingtheorigination,generation,capture,archival,sharing,anddisposalofinformationinaccordancewiththeenterpriserecordsandconfigurationmanagementprocessesandgoverningstandardsandrequirements
ª Identifythestandardsbywhichthedataandinformationwillbecreated,managed,andstored.– Thesestandardsenabletheintegrationandsharingofthedataand
informationcontainedintheintegrateddataset.
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IntegratedDataastheFoundationofProjectManagement
IntegratedDataset
Simulations Models
Guides
RqmtsReportsDesigns
Standards
Policies
Procedures
Plans
InformationManagement
DBAdministration
Drawings&Diagrams
ConfigurationControlData
Governance
DevelopedbyINCOSERWGatIW2017
OtherLife-cycleworkproducts
Models
Data Rqmts
Desig
ns
Drawings&Diagrams
PeopleProcesses
external
Plans
BudgetsSchedules
Measures
ClosingThoughts
ª Foraprojecttobesuccessful,thefollowingactionsmustbecompleted– Theseniormanagementhasagreedtodatagovernanceprinciples,andthereisan
enterpriselevel“champion”.– Datagovernanceandinformationmanagementpolicieshavebeendefined.– Thedataandinformationneedsoftheprojecthasbeendefinedandagreedto.– AnITinfrastructurehasbeenputintoplacethatmeetstheneedsoftheproject.– Atoolsetconsistentwiththedataandinformationneedsoftheprojecthavebeen
procuredandlicensesputinplace.– Theprojecthasadefinedontologyandmasterschemafortheproject’sintegrated
dataset.– Plans,processes,procedures,andworkinstructionshavebeendefinedbythe
program/project(plansinclude:ProjectManagementPlan(PMP),InformationManagementPlan(IMP)),etc.
– Projectteammembersaretrainedindatagovernanceandmanagementtools,definedschema,plans,processes,procedures,andworkinstructions.
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ClosingThoughts
Effectivedataandinformationmanagementisessentialtosuccessfullymanagingaproject,enablingtheprojects
tocreateandmanagethedataandinformationthatisthefoundationofall
theproject’sactivities.
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Sources
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