Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Dairy NutritionFeed Components, Total Mixed
Rations, and Calculations
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Feed Componen
tsQuiz
TMR Calculation
Quiz
TMR Lesson
Feed Components Lesson The TMR lesson is a direct
real life application of the feed components lesson – it
discusses what the components are used for.
This is the home slide – it allows you to access the two main parts of this activity and their quizzes. If you feel comfortable with the information, you can jump straight to the quiz.
If you have previous knowledge with any of these topics and feel comfortable with the information, go ahead and skip the lesson and advance straight to the quiz. You must complete both quizzes.
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Feed Components In this module you will learn:
What the different components to a dairy cow’s feed are Their characteristics (color, texture, etc.) Their uses in the feed ration
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Corn Silage Made by chopping the entire corn plant Fermented Sored in silos or large bunker silo packs Serves as a primary TMR ingredient/component Starts green in color then turns golden yellow after
fermentation.
Left: Fermented corn silageRight: Corn being chopped into corn silage
Haylage Made by chopping alfalfa plants Fermented for use in feed Stored in silos or large bunker packs Another primary feed ingredient Starts light green in color, becomes deep green after
fermentation
Left: the face of a “bunker silo” that most haylage is stored in.Right: A close up of the makeup of haylage
Dry Hay Generally stored in large round or square bales Contributes fiber to the diet as well as many of the nutrients
and benefits of haylage Generally a small component of feed ration
Left: Close up of the makeup of hayRight: Dry hay storage in big round bales.
Additives & Protein Mixes Normally stored and dispensed from large bins Supplement the nutrients of other ingredients Can add fat or proteins (for energy which translates to milk
production) or minerals (this is a style of mineral delivery called force feeding because cattle must ingest them with the feed)
Molasses is sometimes used to help provide quick energy to cattle
Small portion of feed ration
Additives & Protein MixesLeft: Storage and dispensing system for a dry protein mixRight: Storage and dispensing system for molasses
High Moisture Corn Harvested at high moistures and stored in silos (usually
rolled to crack kernel coating before storage and ground upon addition to ration to maximize digestion)
Fermented (improves digestion) Small component of ration Provides protein
Right: A close up of high moisture corn that has been rolled prior to storage/fermentation and milled upon removal from storage. This is the normal order of procedures.
Feed Components Quiz Now that you’ve completed the learning module on feed
components, its time to take the quiz. You must answer at least 4 out of 5 questions right before moving on to TMR and TMR calculation.
Click on the answer you think is correct.
Advance to the next slide to begin the quiz, good luck!
Question #1: What feed ingredient serves as the base of most rations?
Corn Silage
Dry Hay
Protein Mix
Haylage
Question #2: What is molasses used for in feed rations?
Provide minerals not found
anywhere else
Make the feed more palatable
Help the feed go down easier
Provide Quick Energy
Question #3: What is the process (in order) of storing/preparing high moisture corn?
Harvested, rolled,
fermentedHarvested, milled,
fermented, rolled
Harvested, rolled,
fermented, milledHarvested, milled,
fermented
Question #4: What feed ingredient is shown below?
Molasses
Haylage
Corn Silage
Protein Mix
Question #5: Why do dairy farmers let high moisture corn ferment?
Tastes Better
Easier digestion
Accidental
They don’t
Almost!Try again or move on by choosing the next
question below.
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 1
That’s correct, good job!Move on by choosing the next question below.
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Congratulations! You’ve finished the Feed Components/Ingredients quiz!
If you scored at least 4 out of 5 questions correct, advance to the next slide.
If you got less than a 4 out of 5 click the button below to return to the beginning of the feed components/ingredients module.
Feed Components
Module
TMR Calculations In this module you will learn:
What a TMR is Why they are used on dairy farms How to calculate a TMR given a nutrition needs report
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What is a TMR TMR stands for total mixed ration
Total mixed rations are formulated and blended together to include all forage and grain ingredients, and fed by free choice to cattle.
Bunks generally filled twice a day and cattle are given unlimited access
Nutritionist recommends quantities of each feed ingredient fed
Total Mixed RationsAdvantages
Lower risks of digestive problems
Cattle consume desired amounts of different forages and minerals relative to each other
Accuracy of feed mixing improved
Can use feeds that are unpalatable (don’t taste good) to cattle when fed alone
Reduces labor!
Disadvantages
Investment in mixer and other equipment may be significant
Cows must be grouped into at least two (or more) groups
Rations must be professionally done and and updated frequently
Grazing becomes obsolete and lots of dry hay is difficult to incorporate into the diet
Click on the button below to watch the video, then return to this slide and continue with the learning module
TMR Calculation
Video
TMR Quiz Now that you’ve completed the learning module discussing
Total Mixed Rations and how to calculate them, it’s time to test your knowledge. You must answer 4 out of 5 questions correctly.
Click on the answer you think is correct.
Before you begin, make sure you have scrap paper, a writing utensil, and a calculator.
Advance to the next slide to begin, good luck!
Question #1: A dairy herd is currently feeding approximately 6,000 pounds TMR twice a day to a group of newly fresh cows. The current
ration contains 3,500 pounds of corn silage. Due to a heat wave sweeping the Midwest, consumption decreases by 2,000 pounds/per day. How much corn silage will the farmer’s new TMR batch contain?
2,800 lbs
3,400 lbs
2,900 lbs
3,000 lbs
Question #2: Toll Tail Dairy milks about 450 cows divided among 5 pens based on how recently they have calved. Pen 1 is receiving 4,000 lbs/day, pens 2 and 3 are receiving 12,000 lbs/day, pen 4 is
receiving 10,800 lbs/day, and pen 5 is receiving 7,600 lbs/day. How much high moisture corn will be used during the afternoon feeding if it is 10 % of the TMR ration for pen 1, 15% of the TMR for pens 2 and 3,
and 13% of the TMR for pens 4 and 5?
3,176 lbs
3,144 lbs
3,000 lbs
3,244 lbs
Question #3: Lewis Century Stock Farms is considering increasing the amount of protein mix and the amount of wet molasses used in
their TMR ration. Currently protein mix makes up 10% and molasses makes up 5% of their 20,000 pound batches. How much more would be used if they increased molasses from 5% to 7% and protein mix
from 10% to 20%
+2000 lbs of protein mix and +400 lbs of
molasses
+600 lbs of molasses and +2200 lbs of
protein mix
+1800 lbs of protein mix and +500 lbs of
molasses
+2000 lbs of molasses and +400 lbs of
protein mix
Question #4: You are a dairy farmer and have just been given a new ration from your nutritionist. Given that the batch will total 17,000
pounds and include 10% high moisture corn, 10% protein mix, 5% dry hay, 25% haylage, 35% corn silage, and 5% molasses, what are your
results?
High Moisture Corn – 2,000 lbs Protein Mix – 2,000 lbsDry Hay – 500 lbsHaylage – 7,000 lbsCorn Silage – 5,000 lbsMolasses – 500 lbs
High Moisture Corn – 850 lbs Protein Mix – 850 lbsDry Hay – 1,700 lbsHaylage – 5,950 lbsCorn Silage – 4,250 lbsMolasses – 1,700 lbs
High Moisture Corn – 1,700 lbs Protein Mix – 1,700 lbs Dry Hay – 850 lbs Haylage – 4,250 lbsCorn Silage – 5,950 lbsMolasses – 850 lbs
High Moisture Corn – 1,500 lbs Protein Mix – 1,500 lbs Dry Hay – 1,000 lbsHaylage – 5,000 lbsCorn Silage – 7,000 lbsMolasses – 1,000
Question #5: Perkins Twin Creek Farms is experiencing a decrease in feed intake due to the cold temperatures that have set in this week. They had been feeding 10,000 pounds of Total Mixed Ration to their
newly fresh cows per day 40% of this ration is haylage. Now that they are feeding 9,000 pounds of TMR to these cows per day, how much
less haylage are they using?
450 lbs
300 lbs
400 lbs
500 lbs
Almost!Try again or move on by choosing the next
question below.
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 1
That’s correct, good job!Move on by choosing the next question below.
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Congratulations! You’ve finished the TMR and TMR Calculation quiz!
If you scored at least 4 out of 5 questions correct, advance to the next slide.
If you got less than a 4 out of 5 click the button below to return to the beginning of the TRM and TMR Calculation module.
TMR and Calculation
Module
You Made It! Congratulations on successfully completing and mastering
two of the course standards.
You now have a broader knowledge of feed ingredients and components that farmers use how farmer calculate the amount of each of ingredient to feed
their cattle in a total mixed ration.
Advance to the next slide.
ResourcesLinn, J. (2013) Feeding Total Mixed Rations. Retrieved from http://www1.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/dairy/feed%2Dand%2Dnutrition/feeding%2Dtotal%2Dmixed%2Drations/
All Pictures taken at Perkins Twin Creek Farms Inc on a personal camera
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