Animal NutritionAnimal Nutrition

Dr. Makhdoom Dr. Makhdoom Abdul JabbarAbdul Jabbar

Executive Member Punjab Agri. Research Board, Executive Member Punjab Agri. Research Board, Lahore Lahore

Mob. 0333-4568071Mob. 0333-4568071majabbar@uvas.edu.pkmajabbar@uvas.edu.pk

i. Classification of feed i. Classification of feed resourcesresources

Summer Fodders

i. Green Roughages ---- Fodders

Winter Fodders

Roughages  

ii. Dry Roughages ---- Straws, Stalks Cobs

ii. Classification of Feedsii. Classification of Feeds

Protein sources ----Cakes and meals

Concentrate

 

Energy sources ---- Grains, Oil. Fats

 

iii. Classification of Feedsiii. Classification of Feeds

Macro-minerals- Ca, P, Mg, Na, K

Minerals

Micro-minerals Zn, Fe, Co, Se, I etc.

Bacteria and Protozoa present in the Bacteria and Protozoa present in the rumenrumen

FODDERS:FODDERS:

1)1) Summer FoddersSummer Fodders

2)2) Winter FoddersWinter Fodders

3)3) Dry FoddersDry Fodders

Composition of Summer FoddersComposition of Summer Fodders

Type of fodderType of fodder ProductionProduction/acre (Ton)/acre (Ton)

Dry matter Dry matter (%)(%)

Protein Protein

(%)(%)

MaizeMaize 18-2018-20 29.3029.30 7.047.04

SorghumSorghum 20-2520-25 30.030.0 6.206.20

SadabaharSadabahar 50-6050-60 27.5927.59 6.986.98

MilletMillet 20-2220-22 29.5029.50 6.086.08

Mott GrassMott Grass 70-9070-90 16.5416.54 7.527.52

GuaraGuara 15-1815-18 20.9020.90 17.3517.35

Composition of Winter FoddersComposition of Winter Fodders

Type of Type of fodderfodder

Dry Matter Dry Matter (%)(%)

Protein Protein

(%)(%)

Yield Yield (Tons/acre)(Tons/acre)

BerseemBerseem 15.6215.62 19.9019.90 30-3530-35

Lucerne Lucerne 24.2624.26 22.8322.83 52-6052-60

Rye grass Rye grass 14.2114.21 22.8522.85 30-4030-40

Oats Oats 22.1022.10 8.988.98 30-3530-35

Composition of dry foddersComposition of dry fodders

Type of fodder Type of fodder Dry Matter (%)Dry Matter (%) Protein (%)Protein (%)Wheat straw Wheat straw 92.7592.75 2.592.59Rice strawRice straw 92.82 92.82 3.063.06Maize stoversMaize stovers 82.5082.50 5.455.45Sorghum stoversSorghum stovers 80.5080.50 3.743.74Millet stoversMillet stovers 85.0085.00 4.004.00Corn cobsCorn cobs 90.5090.50 1.661.66Berseem hayBerseem hay 85.6085.60 18.4618.46Lucerne hay Lucerne hay 87.5087.50 18.8618.86

Daily allowance Daily allowance

Fodder @ 10% of body weight ~ 40-60 kgFodder @ 10% of body weight ~ 40-60 kg Ration ~ Half of milk productionRation ~ Half of milk production

More ration during summer seasonMore ration during summer season Water should be available all the timeWater should be available all the time Mineral mixture @ 2% in the rationMineral mixture @ 2% in the ration

SilageSilage

Silage is a method of Silage is a method of preservation of fresh preservation of fresh fodder by which high fodder by which high moisture fodder can be moisture fodder can be stored for longer period stored for longer period without any without any deterioration.deterioration.

Types of silosTypes of silos

Bag SilosBag Silos

COMMON FEED INGREDIENTSCOMMON FEED INGREDIENTS

ForFor

FEED FORMULATIONFEED FORMULATION

COMPOSITION OF COMMON FEED COMPOSITION OF COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS INGREDIENTS

Name of feed ingredient Name of feed ingredient Protein Protein (%)(%)

TDN TDN (%)(%)

Est. Price (Rs. Est. Price (Rs. Per Kg)Per Kg)

Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 23.0423.04 63.463.4 10.0010.00

Rape seed cakeRape seed cake 37.1037.10 79.879.8 9.009.00

Sunflower cake Sunflower cake 30.4730.47 69.869.8 8.008.00

Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal 39.5939.59 79.879.8 12.0012.00

Soybean meal Soybean meal 44 - 4844 - 48 84.084.0 18.0018.00

Maize gluten feed 20%Maize gluten feed 20% 21.8521.85 79.179.1 5.255.25

Maize gluten feed 30%Maize gluten feed 30% 30.7030.70 83.683.6 5.50-6.05.50-6.0

Maize gluten feed 60%Maize gluten feed 60% 64.7064.70 94.694.6 16-1816-18

Name of feed ingredient Name of feed ingredient Protein Protein (%)(%)

TDN TDN (%)(%)

Est. Price (Rs. Est. Price (Rs. Per Kg)Per Kg)

Rice polishing Rice polishing 12.3612.36 89.989.9 6.50-7.06.50-7.0

Wheat bran Wheat bran 14.9914.99 71.071.0 6.706.70

Wheat grainsWheat grains 12.8012.80 78.978.9 10.0010.00

Maize grainsMaize grains 9.809.80 81.281.2 10.0-11.5010.0-11.50

Sorghum Sorghum 15.7515.75 78.578.5 15.0015.00

Millet Millet 10.5510.55 77.277.2 15.0015.00

OatsOats 10.2110.21 77.277.2 12.0012.00

OilOil 00.0000.00 195.0195.0 50.0050.00

Grams (black)Grams (black) 20.3520.35 75.275.2 20.0020.00

Urea Urea 287.50287.50 -- 10.0010.00

Bone meal Bone meal 20.0520.05 57.757.7 11.5011.50

MAIN PARTS OF A RATION MAIN PARTS OF A RATION FORMULAFORMULA

Vitamins Vitamins sources sources

Mineral Mineral sourcessources

Energy Energy sourcessources

ProteinProtein

sourcessources

Vitamins Vitamins A, D and E,A, D and E,

Salt, bone Salt, bone meal, DCP meal, DCP

and and mineral mineral mixtures mixtures

etc.etc.

Wheat bran Wheat bran Maize bran Maize bran Rice bran Rice bran

Rice Rice polishing, polishing,

grains, grains, molasses and molasses and

oils etc.oils etc.

Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal Rape seed cake Rape seed cake Rape seed meal Rape seed meal Sunflower cake Sunflower cake Sunflower meal Sunflower meal Maize glutens, Maize glutens,

Urea etc.Urea etc.

DIFFERENT FORMULAE DIFFERENT FORMULAE

FORFOR

DAIRY ANIMALSDAIRY ANIMALS

Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Feed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

11 Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 15.015.0

22 Maize gluten 30%Maize gluten 30% 20.020.0

33 Sunflower meal Sunflower meal 5.05.0

44 Wheat bran Wheat bran 18.018.0

55 Rice polishing Rice polishing 15.015.0

66 Maize ground Maize ground 10.010.0

77 MolassesMolasses 15.015.0

88 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0

Total Total 100.0100.0

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-1RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-1

Protein (%)Protein (%) == 17.617.6TDN (%)TDN (%) == 75.375.3

Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Feed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

11 Soybean meal Soybean meal 13.013.0

22 Canola meal Canola meal 9.09.0

33 Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 12.012.0

44 Wheat bran Wheat bran 28.028.0

55 Maize grain Maize grain 20.020.0

66 MolassesMolasses 15.015.0

77 Mineral mixtureMineral mixture 2.52.5

88 UreaUrea 0.50.5

Total Total 100.0100.0

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-2 RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-2

(When cotton seed meal is not available)(When cotton seed meal is not available)

Protein (%)Protein (%) == 16.9016.90

TDN (%)TDN (%) == 73.6673.66

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-3RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-3 (When molasses is not available)(When molasses is not available)

Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

11 Rape seed cakeRape seed cake 15.015.0

22 Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 15.015.0

33 Rice polishing Rice polishing 20.020.0

44 Wheat bran Wheat bran 28.028.0

55 Maize grain Maize grain 20.020.0

66 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0

Total Total 100.0100.0

Protein (%)Protein (%) == 16.1716.17

TDN (%)TDN (%) == 73.4373.43

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-4 RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-4 ( With ( With SoybeanSoybean))

Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

Soybean meal Soybean meal == 1414

Sunflower meal Sunflower meal == 1515

Wheat bran Wheat bran == 2424

Rice polishing Rice polishing == 2020

Grains Grains == 1010

Molasses Molasses == 1515

Mineral mixtureMineral mixture == 2.02.0

Total Total == 100.00100.00

Protein Protein == 18.21%18.21%

TDNTDN == 77.81%77.81%

CALF FEEDINGCALF FEEDING

Milk ReplacerMilk Replacer

Protein 20%Protein 20% Mainly of Animal origin like Dry milk Mainly of Animal origin like Dry milk

powder, whey milk powder etc.powder, whey milk powder etc. TDN 80%TDN 80%

Energy source also of animal origin e.g. fat, Energy source also of animal origin e.g. fat, lecithin etc.lecithin etc.

This is usually importedThis is usually imported

CALF STARTER RATIONCALF STARTER RATIONSr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

11 Cotton seed meal/soybean meal Cotton seed meal/soybean meal 30.030.0

22 Maize grains (ground)Maize grains (ground) 45.045.0

33 Wheat bran Wheat bran 8.68.6

44 Rice polish Rice polish 5.05.0

55 Molasses Molasses 10.010.0

66 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 1.01.0

77 Vitamins Vitamins 0.10.1

88 Calcium carbonateCalcium carbonate 0.30.3

Total Total 100100

Protein (%)Protein (%) == 18.5118.51

TDN (%)TDN (%) == 75.0075.00

Price per KgPrice per Kg == 15.0015.00

Mature low quality fodderMature low quality fodder

Urea molasses blockUrea molasses block

FEED SUPPLEMENTSFEED SUPPLEMENTSurea molasses blocks urea molasses blocks

Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

11 Maize gluten 30%Maize gluten 30% 22.022.0

22 Urea Urea 2.02.0

33 Rice polishing/wheat bran Rice polishing/wheat bran 20.020.0

44 Canola/Cotton seed meal Canola/Cotton seed meal 10.010.0

55 Bentonite Bentonite 6.06.0

66 Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate 2.02.0

77 Molasses Molasses 36.036.0

88 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0

Total Total 100100

Price per KgPrice per Kg == Rs. 7.75Rs. 7.75

MINERAL MIXTURE ?MINERAL MIXTURE ?

MINERAL MIXTURE MINERAL MIXTURE

Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients PercentagePercentage

11 Di-calcium phosphate (DCP)Di-calcium phosphate (DCP) 70.81 kg70.81 kg

22 Common saltCommon salt 18.91 kg 18.91 kg

33 Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate 8.64 kg 8.64 kg

44 Ferrous sulfate Ferrous sulfate 0.89 kg 0.89 kg

55 Manganese sulfate Manganese sulfate 0.49 kg 0.49 kg

66 Zinc sulfate Zinc sulfate 0.22 kg 0.22 kg

77 Copper sulfate Copper sulfate 0.03 kg 0.03 kg

88 Potassium iodide Potassium iodide 8.77 gm8.77 gm

99 Cobalt chloride Cobalt chloride 0.89 gm0.89 gm

1010 Sodium selenate Sodium selenate 1.50 gm1.50 gm

Total Total 100.0 kg100.0 kg

Price per KgPrice per Kg == Rs. 30.00Rs. 30.00

BALES OF COMPLETE MIXED BALES OF COMPLETE MIXED RATIONRATION

REDUCTION IN VOLUME DUE TO DENSIFICATION

BALED RATION FOR DRY ANIMALS BALED RATION FOR DRY ANIMALS Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

11 Wheat straw Wheat straw 50.050.0

22 Sunflower cake Sunflower cake 20.020.0

33 Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal 10.010.0

44 Urea Urea 1.01.0

55 Molasses Molasses 18.018.0

66 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 1.01.0

Total Total 100.0100.0

Crude protein (%)Crude protein (%) == 12.012.0

TDN (%)TDN (%) == 68.068.0

Price per kg (Rs.)Price per kg (Rs.) == 7.167.16

Daily feed required (Kg)Daily feed required (Kg) == 8.08.0

Daily feed cost (Rs.)Daily feed cost (Rs.) == 57.057.0

BALED RATION FOR LACTATING BUFFALOES BALED RATION FOR LACTATING BUFFALOES WITH 10.0 LIT. DAILY MILK WITH 10.0 LIT. DAILY MILK

Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage

11 Wheat straw Wheat straw 43.043.0

22 Rice polishing Rice polishing 10.010.0

33 Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal 10.010.0

44 Canola meal Canola meal 15.015.0

55 Maize groundMaize ground 9.09.0

66 Molasses Molasses 10.010.0

77 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0

88 Vitamins (A,D,E & K)Vitamins (A,D,E & K) 0.10.1

Total Total 100.0100.0

Crude protein (%)Crude protein (%) == 12.012.0

TDN (%)TDN (%) == 68.068.0

Price per kg (Rs.)Price per kg (Rs.) == 8.808.80

Daily feed required (Kg)Daily feed required (Kg) = = 12.512.5

Daily feed cost (Rs.)Daily feed cost (Rs.) = = 110.0110.0

BALED RATION FOR 15 lit PRODUCTIONBALED RATION FOR 15 lit PRODUCTION

Crude protein (%)Crude protein (%) == 15.015.0

TDN (%)TDN (%) == 70.070.0

Price per kg (Rs.)Price per kg (Rs.) = = 9.589.58

Daily feed required (Kg)Daily feed required (Kg) = = 14.014.0

Daily feed cost (Rs.)Daily feed cost (Rs.) = = 135.0135.0

Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Percentage

1 Wheat straw 26.0

2 Rice polishing 15.0

3 Cotton seed meal 08.0

4 Soybean meal 10.0

5 Canola meal 14.0

6 Maize ground 15.0

7 Molasses 9.9

8 Mineral mixture 2.0

9 Vitamins (A,D,E & K) 0.1

  Total 100.0

MonensinMonensin

First discovered 1967First discovered 1967 Extensively used in dairy and beef animalsExtensively used in dairy and beef animals Prevents coccidiosis, increases propionic acid Prevents coccidiosis, increases propionic acid

and prevents bloatand prevents bloat

YeastYeast Increases the efficiency of feed for milk and Increases the efficiency of feed for milk and

meat productionmeat production

Energy concentratesEnergy concentrates

Protected fatProtected fat

Berga fatBerga fat Megalac (fat)Megalac (fat)

HEALTH IS WEALTH !HEALTH IS WEALTH !

American Soybean AssociationAmerican Soybean Association&&

Nutrionists Association of PakistanNutrionists Association of Pakistan