Daily TAKS Connection:Replication, Transcription, Translation

BIO(6): The student knows that the structures and functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics. The student is expected to:

(B) Explain replication, transcription, and translation using models of DNA and RNA.

Foldable Instructions

Construct a three tab foldable Materials:

Foldable handout Scissors Pen Colored

pencils/crayons

Instructions: Hotdog fold paper

along center line Cut tabs from edge

to center along dotted lines

DNA Replication Notes

Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Replication” -

DNA synthesis DNA → DNA Occurs in the nucleus

1. DNA double helix unwinds; separates at hydrogen bond between base pairs

2. DNA polymerase adds base pairs to both strands

Adenine complements Thymine

Guanine complements Cytosine

3. Two “New” DNA molecules formed– one strand original, one strand new

Question 1 (Answer questions from notes on the back of your foldable.

DNA passes information to new DNA during the process of —

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. osmosis

Question 2

Which of the following must occur before DNA replication can take place?

a. Translation of DNA into amino acids

b. Separation of the DNA molecule intocodons

c. Transformation of DNA into RNA

d. Separation of the DNA double helix

Question 3

Part of a DNA strand is represented in the diagram shown. In order for DNA to replicate, the strand must separate at which of the following locations?

a. Between every phosphate-sugar pair

b. Between the eight sugar-base pairs

c. Between the four nitrogenous base pairs

d. Between any two chemical bonds

Question 4

If the template of a strand of DNA is 5' TCTACGTAG 3', the complementary strand will be —

a. 3' TCTACGTAG 5'

b. 5' CTACGTAGA 3'

c. 3' AGATGCATC 5'

d. 5' AGACGTCTA 3'

Transcription Notes

Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Transcription” -

RNA synthesis DNA → RNA Occurs in the nucleus Adenine from DNA

complements Uracil in RNA Thymine from DNA

complements Adenine in RNA

Guanine from DNA complements Cytosine in RNA

Cytosine from DNA complements Guanine in RNA

Question 5

DNA passes information to RNA during the process of —

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. osmosis

Question 6

3' CGGUAU 5'

This is a short section of mRNA. Which DNA code probably produced this section of RNA?

a. 3' GCCTUT 5'

b. 5' GCCAUT 3'

c. 3' ATTGCC 5'

d. 5' GCCATA 3'

Question 7

Which of these represents the DNA segment from which this section of mRNA was transcribed?

a. ACTAAG

b. TCUTTG

c. GAAUCU

d. UCCTGA

Question 8

The diagram shows how an mRNA molecule is synthesized. What would be the most likely result if a bacterial infection stopped the production of the RNA polymerase?

a. A protein could not be manufactured.

b. A lysosome would digest the cell.

c. Osmosis would not occur in the cell.

d. Dehydration could be prevented in the cytoplasm.

Translation Notes

Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Translation” -

Protein synthesis RNA → protein Occurs at the

ribosomes Codons (3 base

sequence) code for amino acids

Use codon chart to determine amino acid

Amino acids link together to form protein

Activity

Using the codon chart, transcribe the RNA nucleotide

sequence below:

UUCACGGAAUGG

Question 9

RNA is used to code for proteins during the process of —

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. osmosis

Question 10

Translation (protein synthesis) takes place in a cell at the –

a. nucleus

b. mitochondria

c. ribosome

d. cell membrane