Post on 11-Jan-2016
CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell
membrane)
ORGANELLE-small structure with a specific function (job)
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html
Image from: http://faculty.stcc.cc.tn.us/jiwilliams/labprojectsmenu.htm
Organelles suspended in gel-like goo
NUCLEUS
Surrounded by NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
(also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE)
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/5_11.GIF
NUCLEUS
NUCLEAR PORES Openings to allow molecules to move in and out of nucleusImage from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html
WHAT DOES IT DO?Contains genetic material (DNA)
DNA is spread out as CHROMATINin non-dividing cells
DNA is scrunched up as CHROMOSOMES
in dividing cells
WHAT DOES IT DO?
Control center of cell
Image from:
Genetic code tells the cell’s parts what to do
Image from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
NUCLEOLUS
Dark spot in nucleus = __________
Makes RNA for ribosomes
Image from: http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~babiarz/histo/cell/nuc3L.jpg
NUCLEOLUS
CYTOSKELETON• Helps cell maintain shape
• Help move organelles around
Made of PROTEINS:
MICROFILAMENTS (Actin) & MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)
Image from: http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm
Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved
CENTRIOLES
Appear during cell division to guide chromosomes apart
MITOCHONDRIASurrounded by a
DOUBLE membrane
Folded inner membrane increases surface areafor more chemical reactions
Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe
Has its own DNA
WHAT DOES IT DO?
Burns glucose to release energy
Stores energy as ATP
“Powerplant of cell”
Images from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/mito.html
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
Image by: Riedell
RIBOSOMES
•Made of PROTEINS and RNA
•Protein factory for cellJoin amino acids to make proteins
Image from: http://www.ust.hk/roundtable/hi-tech.series/1_b1.jpg
Image by: RIedell
RIBOSOMES
Can be attached to Rough ER
OR
free in cytoplasm
Image from: http://www.mccc.edu/~chorba/celldiagram.htm
Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/endoplasmic.jpe
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
• Has RIBOSOMESattached
• Proteins are made on ribosomes and inserted into Rough ER to be modified and transported
Image from: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/cells/ER.jpg
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth
ER)
• Has NO ribosomes attached
• Has enzymes for special tasks
Image from: http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0073.JPG
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth
ER)Image from:http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20eight/smooth%20er.gif
•Makes membrane lipids (steroids) •Regulates calcium (muscle cells) •Destroys toxic substances (Liver)
GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)• Pancake like
membrane stacks
Modify, sort, & packagemolecules from ERfor storage OR transport out of cell
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h
Image from: http://www.rsbs.anu.edu
LYSOSOMES
Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINScalled digestive enzymes
Animation from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/lysosomes.html
Digest food, unwanted molecules, old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc
FLAGELLA
Help in cell movement
CILIA
Move cell itself
Animation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
CILIA
Move substances past cells
http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe
WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT PLANT CELLS?
• Cell wall
• HUGE vacuoles
• Chloroplasts
• No centrioles
Plant vs Animal cells
CELL WALLSupports and
protects cell
Outside of cell membrane
Made of carbohydrates & proteins
Plant cell walls are mainly _____________CELLULOSE
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/kids_space/images/brick_wall.jpg
VACUOLES
• Storage space for WATER, salts, proteins (enzymes), carbohydrates, and waste
Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLSNO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA
Image from: http://www.metoliusfriends.org/csca/images/tupperware.jpg
CHLOROPLASTS
• Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)
http://stallion.abac.peachnet.edu/sm/kmccrae/BIOL2050/Ch1-13/JpegArt1-13/04jpeg/04-28_chloroplasts_1.jpg
http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~tstork/compass.rose/photosynthesis/chloro_sun_bathing.gif
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Nuclearenvelope
Ribosome(attached)
Ribosome(free)
Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
CellMembrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT BACTERIAL CELLS?
• Cell wall
• NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
• DNA is circular
• No membrane bound organelles
http://www.eurekascience.com/ICanDoThat/bacteria_cells.htm
See video
BACTERIA have a CELL WALL BUT…
IT’S MADE OF DIFFERENT
MOLECULESthan plant cell walls!
_______________ NOT CELLULOSE!
More on this in Chapter 18!
Image from: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
WHICH IS BIGGER?
_________ > _____________ > ___________Plant cell Animal cell bacteria
DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL BACTERIA
Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
Nuclear membrane
NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall Cell wall made of
CELLULOSE
Cell wall made ofPEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes Has ribosomes Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA is a single circular ring
CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles Really big vacuole
NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes Has lysosomes NO lysosomes
Has centrioles NO centrioles NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts NO chloroplasts
SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST
BACTERIA arePROKARYOTES
PLANTS & ANIMALSare EUKARYOTES
No membrane bound organelles
Organelles with membranes
USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANKS TO COMPLETE THE VENN DIAGRAM COMPARISON