Dr. Chaiyo Juisiri Pollution Control Department ,

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment December 1-2, 2014

Current situation and challenges of on-site domestic wastewater treatment

in Thailand

2nd Workshop on On-site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

April , 2014

The main reason causing water quality deterioration,

considering from the parameters, was due to the

wastewater from communities. This also included wastewater

from other activities, such as industrial activities

and agricultures which discharged wastewater to water

sources without prior water treatment. As a solution to

these causes, there should be campaign encouraging

the public to reduce water usage in order to reduce

wastewater and to manage wastewater at the

point source by treating the wastewater from household and

recycling the wastewater.

The main reason causing water quality deterioration, considering

from the parameters, was due to the wastewater from

communities.

As a solution to these causes, there should be campaign

encouraging the public to reduce water usage in order to reduce

wastewater and to manage wastewater at the source by treating

the wastewater from household and recycling the wastewater. The

local government should construct community wastewater

treatment system.

Following by - charge a fee for wastewater treatment

- encourage the business owners to apply clean technologies

- enforce wastewater treatment before draining to the environment

- control low quality water drainage through irrigation or agricultural areas to reduce

- enforce the law on the drainage water standard

12 12

Location of 101 Municipal

Wastewater Treatment

Facilities in Thailand

Status of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Thailand

Technology for Wastewater Treatment

Facilities in Thailand

Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Systems defined by System

Central Wastewater Treatment

Combined Sewer System

Separate Sewer System

drain both runoff and

sewerage within one

system

The type of collection systems

BOD

(mg/l)

SS

(mg/l)

Combined Sewer

System

65 - 110

(80)

40 – 110

(80)

Separate Sewer

System (160) (160)

sewerage and runoff are

collected in separate piping

systems

Design Criteria for Central Wastewater Treatment

Types of Collection Systems

The collection of wastewater treatment fee

Number and Capacity of Municipal Wastewater

Treatment System

17

Domestic : 1,687 Municipalities,

6,089 LAOs,

BMA, Pattaya City

Approximately 9.2 M m3/d

Industry : >120,000 factories

Approximately 2.8 M m3/d

Agriculture :

Pig farm+ Aquaculture (Point source) 0.1 M m3/d

Paddyfield (Non Point source) 150 M m3/d

Sources of Water Pollution

(1,687) Municipalities

BMA, Pattaya City

(6,089) LAOs

MWW~x.x M m3/d

MWW. ~x.x M m3/d

MWW~ x.x M m3/d

Total MWW~9.2M m3/day

Total BOD Loading

~ x,xxx Ton BOD/day

Treatment capacity ~ 3.2 M m3/d

(~ 34.8% of total MWW)

Municipal Wastewater Management

in Thailand

Total Budget 83,152 M Baht

Constraints :

Many urban communities lack appropriate municipal

wastewater management

The communities and people still lack understanding

in wastewater problem and awareness to protect the

environment

The local administration organizations are still unable

to manage municipal wastewater

Lack of budget for construction of the new

wastewater collection system and wastewater

facilities

Constraints in Municipal Wastewater

Management in Thailand

The Main Problem in Wastewater Facilities Management

Weak Wastewater : the systems are sized

to treat highly diluted wastewater

Sewerage leakage : pumped mains

experience substantial leakage with

potential contamination of groundwater

Sewer sedimentation : high levels of

intrusion and low hydraulic profiles in gravity sewers.

21

Reduce waste at pollution sources by the simple

technologies

(Ex. Grease Trap and On-site treatment)

Rehabilitate the existing municipal wastewater

facilities

Construct new wastewater treatment system

using appropriate technology

Polluter Pay Principal (PPP)

Bring Back Better Natural Water resources

22

Alternatives for Municipal Wastewater

Management in Thailand

On-site, (individual house)

Cluster Wastewater Treatment (Group of House)

Centralized Wastewater Treatment (High density)

On-site

Centralized Wastewater

Treatment Cluster Wastewater Treatment

Household Wastewater Treatment

Household Wastewater Treatment Washer

Toilet

Kitchen

Public Drainage

Land Filtration

Oil Trap

Septic Tank

New House

Wastewater Treatment Unit

Kitchen

Toilet

Washer Public Drainage

Land Filtration

Oil Trap

Old House

Household WWT

Treatment System

outlet

Septic

Anaerobic

Oil trap

Collection System

Toilet

washer

Oil Trap

Shower

Household

29

Centralized Wastewater Treatment

Central Wastewater Treatment

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)

Stabilization Pond (46%)

Aerated Lagoon (16%)

Rotating Biological

Contactor (1%)

Constructed Wetland:

CW (2%)

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)

Activated Sludge (36%)

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)

Constructed Wetland

Cluster Wastewater Treatment

Cluster

37

Cluster

Challenges : Review current status and update the data of

existing wastewater collection network and the

drainage system

Propose and assess technically and economically

feasible options for Centralized, Cluster and

Onsite of wastewater treatment system, including

identifying types, separate sewage system, or

combined sewer system which are appropriate for

LAOs

Challenges in Municipal Wastewater

Management in Thailand

Enhancement and Conservation of the National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992),

- Building Effluents Standards

- Housing Estate Standards

- Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards

Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards

Remarks: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation source: Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment : Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards, and Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment: Designated Gas Stations and Oil Terminals as Pollution Point Sources published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 119, Part 43 D, dated May 28, B.E.2545 (2002)

Summary of Type and Sizes of Buildings Subject to Effluent Control

Remarks: Level of standard refers to the 6 parameters listed in the Building Effluent: Standard Values table Source: Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, B.E.2535, published in the Royal Government Gazette,Vol. 111 special part 9, dated February 4, B.E.2537 (1994).

Remarks: 1. Base on: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation *= These values are in addition to the TDS of the water used. 2. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment : Building Effluents Standards dated January 10, B.E.2537 was revoked by a) 3. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) and Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, No. 2 B.E.2538 (1995) dated January 10, B.E.2537 was revoked by b) Sources: a) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment : Building Effluents Standards dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005) b) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act.dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)

Building Effluents Standards

Housing Estate Standards

Remarks: 1. * These values are in addition to the TDS of the water used. Base on: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation 2. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment No. 5 B.E. 2539(1996) issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) and Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment No. 6, B.E. 2539(1996) issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) was revoked by a) Source: a) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment : Housing Estate Standards dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005) b) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act. dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)

Thank You