Post on 13-Jan-2016
Current and Near Future Current and Near Future Long Baseline Long Baseline ExperimentsExperiments
Stéphane T’JampensStéphane T’Jampens
CEA SaclayCEA Saclay
DSM/DAPNIA/SPPDSM/DAPNIA/SPP
22
OutlineOutline
Current Experiment:Current Experiment: K2K (latest results)K2K (latest results)
Near Future:Near Future: MINOSMINOS OPERAOPERA ICARUSICARUS
33
IntroductionIntroduction
Primary goal of these first generation Primary goal of these first generation long baseline projects:long baseline projects: Confirm and verify the nature of oscillations Confirm and verify the nature of oscillations
observed in the atmospheric dataobserved in the atmospheric data Provide more precise measurements of the Provide more precise measurements of the
corresponding oscillation parameterscorresponding oscillation parameters
K2K and MINOS: mainly K2K and MINOS: mainly disappearance disappearance OPERA/ICARUS: mainly OPERA/ICARUS: mainly appearance appearance
44
K2K: KEK to KAMIOKAK2K: KEK to KAMIOKA
55
The K2K ExperimentThe K2K Experiment
66
Neutrino OscillationNeutrino Oscillation
ν
222
μμE
.L1.27Δmsin.θ2sin1)νν(P
Fixed flight length (250km)
Suppression in the number of eventsDistortion of the neutrino energy spectrum
2=1
77
88
Accumulated POT (Protons On Accumulated POT (Protons On Target)Target)
Jan 99 Jan 00 Jan 01 Jan 02 Jan 03 Jan 04
pro
ton
s/p
uls
e(×
10
12)
Accu
mu
late
d P
OT
(×10
18)
K2K-I K2K-II
8.9×1019 POT for Analysis
99
Near DetectorsNear Detectors
1KT water Cherenkov detector: fiducial: 25 ton H1KT water Cherenkov detector: fiducial: 25 ton H22O O Fine Grained Detector (FGD):Fine Grained Detector (FGD):
Scintillating-fiber tacker with water target (SciFi) 5.9 ton HScintillating-fiber tacker with water target (SciFi) 5.9 ton H22OO Lead-glass calorimeter (LG) before 2002Lead-glass calorimeter (LG) before 2002 Scintillator bar detector (SciBar) after 2003 9.4 ton CHScintillator bar detector (SciBar) after 2003 9.4 ton CH Muon range detector (MRD) 700 ton FeMuon range detector (MRD) 700 ton Fe
Fine Grained Detector
1KT Water Cherenkov Detector
1010
Expected No. of Expected No. of Interactions Interactions at Far Site (SK)at Far Site (SK)
Measurement by 1KT used as normalizationMeasurement by 1KT used as normalization Same detector technology as SK Same detector technology as SK most of the most of the
systematic uncertainties are canceledsystematic uncertainties are canceled Neutrino flux ratio FluxNeutrino flux ratio Fluxfarfar/Flux/Fluxnear near calculated by MC calculated by MC
validated by Pion Monitor measurementsvalidated by Pion Monitor measurements
Expected: 150.9 +11.6 -10.0
(if no oscillation)
1111
Number of Events @SKNumber of Events @SK
(BG: 1.6 events within 500s 2.4×10-3 events in 1.5s)
TSKTspill
GPS
SKTOF=0.83msec
Observed: 108 eventsAnalysis Time Window
500sec
5sec
TDIFF. (s)
-0.2TSK-Tspill-TOF1.3sec
Expected: 150.9 +11.6 -10.0
(if no oscillation)
All events:108 events(1R: 56)
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Neutrino Energy Neutrino Energy ReconstructionReconstruction
1313
Near Detector Energy Near Detector Energy Spectrum MeasurementSpectrum Measurement
4 event categories:4 event categories: 1KT: P1KT: P<1.5 GeV/c<1.5 GeV/c
fully contained 1-ring fully contained 1-ring
-like sample-like sample
FGD: PFGD: P>1 GeV/c>1 GeV/c 1 track1 track 2 track QE (2 track QE (≤25°)≤25°) 2 track nonQE (2 track nonQE (≥30°)≥30°)
SciFi 2 track sample
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22-fitting Method-fitting Method(p(p,,) ) (E(E), nonQE/QE), nonQE/QE
QE(MC) nonQE(MC)E
0-0.5 GeV
0.5-0.75 GeV
0.75-1.0 GeV
1.0-1.5 GeV
and so on
(8bins x 2)
DATA (1KT)
P(MeV/c)
(deg
)
Also (p,) for FGD 1-track,2-track QE and 2-track nonQE
1515
Fit Result of Neutrino Flux Fit Result of Neutrino Flux at KEK Siteat KEK Site
PRELIMINARY
2 = 638.1 / 609 dofnonQE/QE=1.02
1616
Oscillation Analysis @SKOscillation Analysis @SK
Ltotal=Lnorm x Lshape x Lsyst
Normalization term:(all SK events: 108)
Shape term:(1R SK events: 56)
Systematic term:
Lnorm = Poisson(Nobs,Nexp(m2,sin22,f))
Lshape =
Product of Gaussians (flux, nonQE/QE, efficiency, syst. parameters)
,m2,sin22,f)P(Ereci
N
1i
1Rμ
=
Maximum Likelihood Method:
56108
1717
Best fit values:Best fit values: sinsin22221.531.53 mm2 2 [eV[eV22] ] = = 2.122.121010-3-3
Best fit values in the physical region:Best fit values in the physical region: sinsin22221.001.00 mm2 2 [eV[eV22] ] = = 2.732.731010-3-3
ResultsResults
sin22=1.53 can occur by statistical fluctuation of 14.4%
A toy MC
sin22
m2
1.00
2.73
14.4%
PRELIMINARY
1.53
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Results: Norm & EResults: Norm & E Spectrum Spectrum(in physical region)(in physical region)
Best Fit(KS prob: 52%)
No Oscillation(KS prob: 0.11%)
150.9150.9Null-oscillationNull-oscillation
104.8104.8Best Fit:Best Fit:
108108Observation:Observation:
Number of eventsNumber of events
Null Oscillation Probability is less than 10-4 (3.9)
PRELIMINARY
(normalized by area)
1919
Allowed Region Allowed Region (shape+norm)(shape+norm)
m2=1.7~3.5x10-3 eV2
@sin22=1 (@90%CL)
PRELIMINARY
2020
K2K ConclusionK2K Conclusion
Both the number of observed neutrino Both the number of observed neutrino events and the observed energy events and the observed energy spectrum at SK are consistent with spectrum at SK are consistent with neutrino oscillation.neutrino oscillation.
With 8.9x10With 8.9x101919 POT, K2K has confirmed POT, K2K has confirmed neutrino oscillation at a 3.9neutrino oscillation at a 3.9 level. level.
mm22=1.7~3.5x10=1.7~3.5x10-3-3 eV eV22 @sin @sin2222=1 =1 (@90%CL)(@90%CL)
PRELIMINARY
2121
MINOS: FERMILAB to MINOS: FERMILAB to SOUDANSOUDAN
2222
MINOS Physics GoalsMINOS Physics Goals Demonstrate oscillation behaviorDemonstrate oscillation behavior
Confirm flavor oscillations describe dataConfirm flavor oscillations describe data Provide high statistics discrimination against Provide high statistics discrimination against
alternative models (decoherence, alternative models (decoherence, decay, etc.) decay, etc.) Provide measurement of Provide measurement of mm22
2323 ~10% accuracy~10% accuracy
Search for sub-dominant Search for sub-dominant ee oscillations oscillations MINOS is the first large deep underground MINOS is the first large deep underground
detector with a B-fielddetector with a B-field Direct measurement of Direct measurement of vs vs oscillations from oscillations from
atmospheric neutrino eventsatmospheric neutrino events
_
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Far Detector: 5400 tons
Near Detector: 980 tons
Det. 2
The MINOS ExperimentThe MINOS Experiment
Two Detector NeutrinoOscillation Experiment(Start 2005)
2424
The NuMI BeamThe NuMI Beam
120 GeV protons120 GeV protons 1.9 second cycle time1.9 second cycle time Single turn extraction Single turn extraction
(8.7 (8.7 s)s) 2.5-4x102.5-4x101313
protons/pulseprotons/pulse 0.3 MW on target ! 0.3 MW on target !
(Graphite target) (Graphite target)
Initial intensityInitial intensity: : 2.5x102.5x102020 protons/year protons/year
2525
Tunable BeamTunable BeamBy moving the horns and target, different energy spectra are available using the NuMI beam line. The energy can be tuned depending on the specific oscillation parameters expected/observed
CC Events/year (2.5x1020 POT/year):
LE ME HE 1600 4300 9250
Start with LE beam
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MINOS Far DetectorMINOS Far Detector
2 sections, each 15m long5.4kt total mass8m Octagonal Tracking Calorimeter485 layers of
2.54cm steel plane1cm thick, 4.1cm wide solid
scintillator strips with WLS fiber readoutMagnet coil provides <B> 1.5T
2727
Far Detector: fully Far Detector: fully operationaloperational(since July 2003)(since July 2003)
2828
Beamline and Near Detector Beamline and Near Detector ProgressProgress
Primary BeamlinePrimary Beamline Major magnets all in placeMajor magnets all in place Installing instrumentationInstalling instrumentation
Secondary BeamlineSecondary Beamline Installing horns and Installing horns and
preparing to pulse preparing to pulse Hadron Absorber almost Hadron Absorber almost
complete (2kton)complete (2kton)
Near Detector in May
Near DetectorNear Detector Fewer than 60 planes to go, Fewer than 60 planes to go,
installing 2-3 planes/day installing 2-3 planes/day
First Horn being Installed
2929
MINOS Physics SensitivityMINOS Physics Sensitivity
Oscillated/unoscillated ratio of number of CC events in the far detector versus observed energy
MINOS 90% and 99% CL allowedoscillation parameter space
m2=2.5x10-3 eV2,Sin22=1
3030
ee Appearance Appearance
m2=0.0025 eV2
MINOS sensitivities based onvarying numbers of protons on target
3131
MINOS: conclusionMINOS: conclusion
NuMI beam installation progressing well !NuMI beam installation progressing well ! Expect first protons on target December 2004 !Expect first protons on target December 2004 !
MINOS near detector currently being MINOS near detector currently being installed/commissioned at Fermilabinstalled/commissioned at Fermilab
MINOS Far detector taking physics data MINOS Far detector taking physics data since mid-2003since mid-2003 Atmospheric Atmospheric s already being seens already being seen
First beam physics data expected in 2005 First beam physics data expected in 2005
3232
CNGS: CERN to GRAN CNGS: CERN to GRAN SASSOSASSO
3333
The CNGS Beam LineThe CNGS Beam Line SPS: 400 GeV proton beam <E>~17 GeV Contamination: 2.1% , 0.8% e, <0.05% e
4.5x1019 POT/year, 200 days/year
Far Detectors (L=732 km): OPERA: Observe Decay Topology (Emulsion) ICARUS: Observe Decay Kinematically (LAr
TPC)
_ _
3434
The OPERA DetectorThe OPERA Detector spectrometer:
Magnetized Iron Dipoles (1.6T)
Drift tubes and RPCs
target and decay detector:Sequence of 31 “modules”
consisting of:- “wall” of lead/emulsion “bricks”- two planes of orthogonal scintillator strips (target tracker)
Target mass: 1.77 ktons
Brick: • 56 lead plates• 57 emulsion foils 206,336 bricks
8.3kg
10 X0
3535
spectrometer:• Magnet SM1 completed in June 04• Magnet SM2 completed in March 05• Commissioning: May 05• Drift tubes installed in spring 05
Target:• Target tracker: construction in progress (8/week) • Emulsion & lead: mass production started in April 03• Bricks installation: September 05 to September 06 (2 bricks/minute)
Status of ConstructionStatus of Construction
3636
//ee Sensitivity Sensitivity
mm2 2 [eV[eV22 ] ]
signalsignal
(1.(1.99 x 10 x 10-3-3))signalsignal
(2.(2.44 x 10 x 10--
33 ) )
signalsignal
(3.0x 10(3.0x 10-3-3 ) )BKGDBKGD
1.8 1.8 ktons ktons fiducialfiducial
6.66.6 10.510.5 16.416.4 0.70.7
full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5 x1019 pot / year
SinSin22221313 1313
<0.06<0.06 <<7.17.1ºº
e:
(@ m223=2.5x10-3, sin2223=1)
Limit @90% CL
3737
ICARUS: T3000+Muon ICARUS: T3000+Muon SpectrometerSpectrometer
3838
Electronic Bubble ChamberElectronic Bubble Chamber
Real Events
3939
T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray DataData
More than 27,000 More than 27,000 triggers collected triggers collected during technical run on during technical run on surface (summer 2001)surface (summer 2001)
Michel Electron Spectrum:(3000 events analyzed and fully reconstructed in 3D)
It has been demonstratedIt has been demonstrated that drift distances amounting that drift distances amounting up to several meters are feasibleup to several meters are feasible
Installation in LNGS approved: summer 04
4040
//ee Sensitivity Sensitivity
mm2 2 [eV [eV22 ] ]
signalsignal
(1.6 x 10(1.6 x 10--
33))
signalsignal
(2.(2.55 x 10 x 10--
33 ) )
signalsignal
(3.0x 10(3.0x 10-3-3 ) )BKGDBKGD
2.35 2.35 ktons ktons activeactive
4.9 4.9 11.911.9 17.217.2 0.70.7
full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5 x1019 pot / year
SinSin22221313 1313
<0.04<0.04 <<66ºº
e:
(@ m223=2.5x10-3, sin2223=1)
ICARUS
Limit @90% CL
4141
Conclusion: OPERA/ICARUSConclusion: OPERA/ICARUS
CNGS project on schedule and should start CNGS project on schedule and should start in mid 2006in mid 2006
OPERA:OPERA: Construction and installation at LNGS is Construction and installation at LNGS is
progressing wellprogressing well Mass production startedMass production started
ICARUS: ICARUS: Technique validated with the T600 prototypeTechnique validated with the T600 prototype Installation of T600 at LNGS approvedInstallation of T600 at LNGS approved Broad physics program: proton decay search, Broad physics program: proton decay search,
atmospheric, solar and supernova atmospheric, solar and supernova ss
4242
ConclusionConclusion K2K has confirmed neutrino oscillation at a 3.9K2K has confirmed neutrino oscillation at a 3.9
level. level. m2=1.7~3.5x10-3 eV2 @sin22=1 (@90%CL)
MINOS will be a definitive test for atmospheric MINOS will be a definitive test for atmospheric oscillations oscillations Precision oscillation parameters Precision oscillation parameters
CNGS/OPERA/ICARUS will be a definitive test for CNGS/OPERA/ICARUS will be a definitive test for oscillations oscillations appearance appearance
Stay tuned for precision oscillation measurements Stay tuned for precision oscillation measurements !!
Want to know more: follow the WG1 parallel session !Want to know more: follow the WG1 parallel session !
4343
BACKUPBACKUP
4444
Results: Norm & EResults: Norm & E Spectrum Spectrum(in unphysical region)(in unphysical region)
Spectrum Shape
Best Fit
No Oscillation
150.9150.9Null-oscillationNull-oscillation
109.9109.9Best Fit:Best Fit:
108108Observation:Observation:
Number of eventsNumber of events
PRELIMINARY
(normalized by area)
4545
A hint of K2K forward A hint of K2K forward deficit. deficit.
SciBarnon-QE Events
K2K observed forward K2K observed forward deficit deficit.. A source is non-QE events.A source is non-QE events. For CC-1For CC-1,,
Suppression of ~Suppression of ~qq22/0.1[GeV/0.1[GeV22] ] at at qq22<0.1[GeV<0.1[GeV22] may exist] may exist..
For CC-coherent For CC-coherent ,, The coherent The coherent may not exist.may not exist.
We do not identify which process causesWe do not identify which process causes
the effect. The MC CC-1the effect. The MC CC-1 (coherent (coherent ))
model is corrected phenomenologically.model is corrected phenomenologically.
Oscillation analysis is Oscillation analysis is insensitiveinsensitive to the to the
choice.choice.
q2rec
(Data-MC)/MC
DATACC 1CC coherent-
Preliminary
q2rec (GeV/c)2
q2rec (GeV/c)2
4646
//ee Sensitivity Sensitivity
mm2 2 [eV [eV22 ] ]
signalsignal
(1.(1.99 x 10 x 10-3-3))signalsignal
(2.(2.44 x 10 x 10--
33 ) )
signalsignal
(3.0x 10(3.0x 10-3-3 ) )BKGDBKGD
1.8 1.8 ktons ktons fiducialfiducial
6.6 6.6 (10)(10) 10.510.5 (15.8)(15.8)
16.416.4 (24.6)(24.6)
0.70.7 (1.06)(1.06)
full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5 x1019 pot / year
SinSin22221313 1313
<0.06<0.06
<0.05 (beam <0.05 (beam x1.5)x1.5)
<<7.17.1ºº
<6.4<6.4ºº
e:
(@ m223=2.5x10-3, sin2223=1)
With CNGS beam upgrade (x1.5)