Post on 27-May-2015
Cultural Diffusion
The Legacy of Historical ErasGreece, Rome, the Middle
Ages, the Renaissance
Ancient Greece Contributed…
Inventions such as…• Democracy• The Olympics• Theater• The Alphabet
Innovations in…• Technology• Science• Architecture• Medicine• Mathematics• Philosophy• Literature• Art• Language• History & Geography
PARTHENON, ATHENS, GREECE
COLUMNS - KARYTIDES
HomerAuthor of two of the world’s greatest epic stories:
The Iliad• The story of the Trojan War
The Odyssey• The story of Odysseus, the
hero of the Trojan War
AMPHITHEATER AT EPIDAURUS, GREECE
Greeks invented theater with tragedies and comedies.
Playwrights included Aristophanes, Euripides, Sophocles
Theater of Dionysus
OLYMPIC TRACK
OLYMPIA - GREECE
TRACK AT EPIDAURUS, GREECE
Greek Olympics
WINGED VICTORY
“NIKE”
Currently on display at the Louvre Art Museum in Paris, France
CORINTH CANAL
CORINTH, GREECE
Ancient Rome Contributed…
Inventions such as…
• Republic• Arches• Domes• Coliseum• Julian Calendar• Numbering
system
Innovations such as…• Written laws• Paved roads• Transporting water• Architecture• Literature• Art• Religion
The Roman Forum
Where the Romans met & shopped
The Roman Coliseum
Home of the Gladiators
Arches
Constantine’s Arch Rome, Italy
Arc de Triomphe Paris, France
Picture of La Defense, Paris
Paris, France
Aqueducts
The Roman Pipe System
Notice the Roman road and the cross walk below.
Roman Roads
Cast of Roman citizen left behind after eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D.
“Beware of Dog” sign
Pompeii, Italy
Circa Roman Empire
Contributions of the Middle Ages…
• Limited Government (Magna Carta)• Architecture (Gothic Cathedrals)• Art (Stained Glass Windows)• Literature (Robin Hood, King Arthur, Canterbury
Tales, Beowulf)• Universities (Sorbonne, Oxford, Cambridge)• Spread of Christianity• Formation of Nation-States
Limited Government The Magna Carta
The basis for the United States Constitution
King John of England (right) and an English baron agreeing to Magna Carta. A detail from the bronze doors of the U.S. Supreme Court building, Washington, D.C.Credit: Image courtesy of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Gothic Cathedrals
Chartres, France
Notre Dame Cathedral
begun in 1163
Notre Dame Cathedral
flying buttresses
c. 1175
Chartres Cathedral buttresses
Flying Buttress diagram
Other Gothic innovations• pointed arch (instead of round
arch)• ribbed vault (instead of dome)• stained glass windows
(see pp. 163-170)
WHO CAME UP WITH THESE IDEAS?
Oxford University, England
The Crusades
Created trade between Europe & Asia once again.
Formation of Nation-States
Nation-states developed with strong central governments, single rulers, laws, and full time armies.
City-States decline except in Italy
The RenaissanceContributed…
Inventions such as…
• Printing Press• Telescope• Microscope• Mechanical Clocks• Eyeglasses• Flush Toilet• Gunpowder• Submarine• Wall Paper
Innovations in…• Art• Architecture• Science• Technology• Map Making• Trade• Theater• Navigation/Sailing• Exploration• Spread of Religion
Improvements in Art• Began to use perspective• Art became more life-like and
three-dimensional• Famous artists
• Leonardo da Vinci• Michelangelo
• Sculpture resembled that of Greeks & Romans
VS.
Innovations in ArchitectureIl Duomo,
Florence, Italy
Rediscovered how to make
domes.
St. Paul’s CathedralLondon, UK
Sacre CoeurParis, France
Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy
Theater/Literature
• Revival of drama & theater• William Shakespeare
(1564-1616)– Author of many famous
plays• Romeo & Juliet• Hamlet• Julius Caesar, etc.
– Performed at Globe Theater
Scientific Discoveries
Galileo Galilei• Invented telescope• Confirmed orbit of
Earth around sun• Scientific MethodAnthony Leeuwenhoek• “Father of Microscope”
Printing Press
Printing Press & Moveable Type:
• First used by German monk, Johannes Gutenberg
• Allowed books to be printed in languages other than Latin
• Before – books were handwritten by members of the clergy
• Allowed more Europeans access to books; more people learned to read
Exploration & Discovery of “New World”
• Invention of astrolabe & modern compass allow for better navigation
• European merchants want new trade routes to the East for spices
• Christopher Columbus discovers “New World” in 1492
• Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the world in 1520-21
Catholic Reformation
Martin Luther– German monk who
criticized the Church– Wrote “95 Theses” – Translated the Bible into
German– Prompted many to
challenge the Roman Catholic Church
– Protestant denominations began (Lutheran, Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist)
Henry VIII– King of England– Wanted to divorce his
wife, Catherine of Aragon
– Broke away from Catholic Church and created Church of England (Anglican Church)
– Married Anne Boleyn
Italian Bathroom