CSC208Management Infromation Systems

Siti Nurbaya IsmailFaculty of Computer Science & Mathematics,

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kedah| sitinurbaya@kedah.uitm.edu.my | http://www.sitinur151.wordpress.com |

| A2-3039 | ext:2561 | 012-7760562 |

Introduction to Database

Introduction to Database1.1 Introducing Database1.2 A Logical View Of Data 1.3 Primary & Foreign Keys 1.4 Relationship

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1.1 Introducing The Database Data and information

• Data?– Raw facts– Building blocks of information– Examples:

• AHMAD• 20011545789• AM228• CSC208

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1.1 Introducing The Database Data and information

• Information?– Produce by processing data– Reveal meaning of data– Examples:

• 20011545789 is UiTM Student Number for Ahmad who is currently studying in Faculty of Administrative Science & policy StudiesUiTM Kedah and is registerfor CSC208 (Management Information Systems) subject for semester September 2012 – January 2013

1.1 Introducing The Database Data and information

How do data and information relate?

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1.1 Introducing The Database A Glance of Database Concept

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matrixNO name

2009292768 Jefry

2009631908 Farah

2009451782 Thohier

subjectno description

ITS232 Database

BEL123 Literature

registerID subjectNO matrixNO

123 ITS232 2009451782

124 ITS232 2009631908

studentregistersubject

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1.1 Introducing The Database What is database?

Database• A shared collection of integrated computer structure designed to meet

various needs of an organization.– It houses:

• End-user-data : raw facts• Metadata: data about data

DBMS DataBase Management System A software that enable user to define, create, maintain and control access

to database– Possible to share data among multiple applications or users– Makes data management more efficient and effective– Examples:

• IBM DB2, MS Access, MySQL, ORACLE

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1.1 Introducing The Database What is database?

DBMS allows

Create Databa

se

Create Forms

Create Report

s

Sort Data

Retrieve Data

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1.1 Introducing The Database What is database?

The importance of database:

• Manage interactions between end users and database• Helps make data management more efficient and effective• Its query languages allows make quick answers to add-hoc queries• Provide end users better access to more and better managed data• Promote and integrated view of org’ operations big picture

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1.1 Introducing The Database What is database?

Advantages of database:

• control of data redundancy• data consistency• more information from the same amount of data• sharing of data• improved data integrity• improved security• enforcement of standards• economy of scale• improved data accessibility and responsiveness• increased productivity• improved maintenance through data independence• improved backup and recovery services

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1.1 Introducing The Database What is database?

Disadvantages of database:

• complexity• size (space)• cost of DBMS• additional hardware cost• cost of conversion• performance• higher impact of failure

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1.2 A Logical View of DataTable and Their Characteristics

• Table: – two-dimensional structure composed of rows and columns– Contains group of related entities = an entity set

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1.2 A Logical View of DataTable and Their Characteristics

Table

Attribuite / Fields

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1.3 Primary and Foreign Keys3.2 Keys: Types

•an attribute (or a combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies any given entity (row) Primary Key

(PK)

•an attribute whose values match primary key values in the related table Foreign key

(FK)

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1.3 Primary and Foreign Keys3.2 Keys: Types

Foreign Key

Primary Key

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1.3 Primary and Foreign Keys3.2 Keys: Types

Foreign Key

Primary Key

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1.4 Relationship(1:1) (1:m) (m:n)

• Relationship is a logical interaction among the entities in a relational database.

• Operate in both directions• There are 3 basic relationship in a database;

(1:1)

• one-to-one• should be rare in

any relational database

(1:m)

• one-to-many• relational

modeling ideal• should be norm in

any relational database design

(m:n)

• many-to-many• cannot be

implemented as such in the relational model

• m:n relationships can be changed into two 1:m relationships

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1.4 Relationship(1:1) (1:m) (m:n)

m

1

1.4 Relationship(1:1) (1:m) (m:n)

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