Crystal Models• Divide the 8 crystal models up between the people at your table.• Cut out the models along the solid lines and fold along the dotted

lines.• Put one very small dot of glue on each tab and glue the sides of

your crystal together.• Glue your crystal model in the appropriate space on your group’s

“Crystal Shapes” sheet.• Answer the analysis questions.

Analysis Questions:1. What are the 8 crystal shapes?2. Which crystal shapes did you make?3. What characteristics do all crystals share?

Add to Table of Contents:

Mineral Observations Pg. 22Minerals of Earth’s Crust Pg. 23

Mineral observations

Title page 22 in notebook: Mineral observations

Mineral Observations Pg. 22 Write down each mineral. Skip a line between mineral names.

• 1. Halite-• 2. Calcite-• 3. Magnetite-• 4. Lodestone-• 5. Sulfur-• 6. Mica-• 7. Pyrolusite-• 8. Bentonite-

• 9. Feldspar-• 10. Fluorite-• 11. Graphite• 12. Bauxite-• 13. Quartz-• 14. Hematite-• 15. Barite-

As you walk around the stations, write down observations about the mineral samples. You will have 30 seconds at each station. Name:________________ Observations: Color:_____________ Shiny or not shiny?

Smooth or rough?

After you are done:What characteristics do all minerals have in common?

Hand out note fill-in page

Ch. 5 Minerals of the Earth’s Crust

• What is the most common element in the Earth’s crust?

A. IronB. OxygenC. SiliconD. Copper

What is a Mineral?

• Natural, usually inorganic solid substance with a crystal structure.– Inorganic=nonliving

Pyromorphite

What do all minerals have in common?

All:1. Are formed by natural processes.2. Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive3. Are solids with a definite volume and

shape.

4. Are elements or compounds with a unique chemical makeup

5. Are made up of particles that are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over (called a CRYSTAL)

Minerals in the Earth’s Crust

• More than 3000 different types of minerals, but only 20 are common.

• Quartz(SiO2)is the most common mineral in the Earth’s crust.

• Tape your notes in on pg. 23• Tape across the top so you can read both

sides.

New note sheet

Groups of Minerals

• Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of.

Amethyst

Beryl (Emerald) Calcite

Mineral Group

Characteristics Examples

1. Silicates

Contain Oxygen & SilicaThe most abundant group of minerals Make up 96% of the Earth’s crust

Quartz (SiO2)

mica

MICAQuartz

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples

2. Non-Silicates

Do not contain compounds of Silica and OxygenMake up only 4% of the Earth’s crustInclude some of the most important minerals

6 different groups.

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples

A. Carbonates Carbon & Oxygen and a positive ion, such as Calcium

Calcite (CaCO3)

Calcite with Duftite inclusions

Mineral Group

Characteristics Examples

B. Halides Chlorine or Fluorine combined with Sodium or Potassium.

Halite(NaCl) Fluorite(CaF2

)

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples

C. Oxides Metallic ion and Oxygen

Hematite (Fe2)O3

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples

D. Sulfides Sulfur and a metallic ion

Galena (PbS)

Galena

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples

E. Sulfates Metallic ion, Sulfur & Oxygen

Barite (BaSO4)

Barite on Calcite BaSo4 / CaCO3

BariteBaSo4

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples

F. Native Elements

Single elements

Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)

What is a gem? A Mineral OR Rock that has value Rare ! Sometimes polishing or cutting will

add value

Gemstone Questions

Fri. 10/17, Mon. 10/20

A pearl forms when a particle of dirt gets trapped in the soft tissue of an oyster. To protect itself from the irritating particle, the oyster secretes a protective layer of a white material called nacre to cover the particle. This nacre covered particle is what we harvest as a pearl.

1. Is a pearl a mineral?2. Why or why not?

Review

What two elements must be present in a silicate?a. Silicon and sodiumb. Silicon and phosphorusc. Silicon and quartzd. Silicon and oxygen

In: pg 12

Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop…

1 .What element are diamonds made from?

2 . What do all crystals have in common?

Out

1. What is your birthstone?2. What does it look like?3. If you could have any birthstone, which

would it be? Why?

Mon. 11/5 and Wed. 11/7

• Quiz #1 today

In: Pg. 16

• Watch the movie clip and complete the True/False quiz at the end.

1.2.3.4.5.

Thru 1: Pg. 17

5.2 Identifying Minerals CLOZE passage• As you read pgs. 109-112 in the textbook,

please fill in the blanks in the CLOZE passage.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria for determining if a substance is a mineral?a. It is inorganicb. It is a solidc. It has a consistent chemical compositiond. It has a shiny surface

Add to Table of Contents:

Mineral Lab/questions Pg. 24Properties of Minerals Pg. 25

Physical Properties of Minerals Pg. 25

(can be used to identify the mineral)1. Color• Can be misleading• Can vary with the type of impurities

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

2. Luster• Surface reflection of

light• metallic = shiny like

metal• non-metallic = dull or

reflects light(but not like metals)

Pyrite has a metallic luster

Calcite has a non-metallic luster

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

3. Streak• The color of the powdered

form of the mineral• The color of the streak can be

different than the mineral• Minerals must be softer than

the streak plate

Streak…can help identify quartz

http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

4. Cleavage & Fracture– The way the mineral breaks– Cleavage—minerals break

along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape

– Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges along irregular lines of weakness.

Cleavage or fracture?

Cleavage or fracture?

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

5. Hardness• How easily a mineral scratches

materials(or resists being scratched)

• Mohs Hardness Scale• Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)• Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch

different objects (like human fingernail, copper penny, glass, steel file)

• Mineral Properties lab:

Name Color Luster Streak Color

Cleavage or Fracture

Hardness (1-10)

1.Hematite2. Pyrite3. Graphite4. Gypsum5. Halite6. Calcite7. Selenite8. Apatite9. Quartz10.Muscovite 11. Olivine12.Microcline

Questions: pg.24 under chart

1. Which mineral had a metallic luster?2. What mineral had a color that was different

from its streak color?3. What is the difference between cleavage and

fracture?4. Which 2 minerals had cleavage?5. Which mineral had the least hardness?6. Which mineral had the greatest hardness?

OutDescribe each characteristic used to identify a mineral

IdentifyingMinerals

Color

Streak

LusterFracture

Cleavage

Hardness

Thurs. 11/8 and Fri. 11/9

The color of a mineral in its powdered form is called the mineral’sa. Streakb. Lusterc. Cleavaged. Fracture

In: Pg 18

View the minerals on the next slide and write down whether they show cleavage or fracture.1.2.3.4.

Cleavage or Fracture?

1.

4.

3.

2.

Thru 1: pg 19

• Identifying Minerals Lab

Thru 2

Pg. 20 Blank

Pg. 21Diamonds worksheet.

Out

An unknown mineral has the following characteristics:• It scratches feldspar• It scratches glass• It cannot scratch quartz• Topaz scratches it.1. What is the mineral’s

hardness number on Mohs Scale of Hardness?

2. Which mineral example is this likely to be?

Tues. 11/13 and Wed. 11/14

• Quiz #2

Quiz #2

• Which of the following is the most unreliable characteristic to use to identify a mineral?

a. Streakb. Lusterc. Colord. Hardness

In: Pg. 22

• What is one mineral that you use every day?• What is the use of this mineral?

Halite

Gypsum

Talc

Calcite

Thru 1: Pg. 23

Uses of Minerals Lab• Complete the Lab and tape in on this page!

Out

• Did any of the mineral uses you discovered in the lab surprise you? Explain.