Post on 19-Jun-2015
description
Global Education Conference 2010
Esther Wojcicki,Creative Commons, Vice Chair
Head of CC Education
How to Spread Your Ideas Globally Using Creative
Commons Licenses
CC is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build
upon the works of others consistent with copyright. We provide free licenses to enable
sharing
What is Creative Commons?
CC is Dedicated to Helping teachersartists
creatorseveryone
share their ideas with the world
All Rights Reserved locks up your ideas
U.S.Copyright lawsEverything you write is copyrighted
automatically for your lifetime + 70 years
Similar laws exist in all countries
CC licenses allow people to share ideas while crediting the creator
No one has to write to ask for your permission
Permission is pre-authorized
CC licenses empower the spread of your ideas and your name more
easily
It is like having thousands of people help you spread your ideas and your name
CC empowers educators and students to share their ideas globally
CC empowers the open movement
CC Mission Our mission is to minimize barriers to sharing and
reuse of educational materials — legal barriers, technical barriers, and social barriers.
What is an “open” resource? The ability to:
• Access • Share — Copy, Distribute, Display • Adapt — Perform, Translate • Derive — Remix
The openness of a resource increases with the permissions given. Allow more permissions= More
open.
CC & OER can change the world
• Education is a public good worldwide
• But the quality of education varies.
— By region— By school— By class
• Open Educational Resources (OER) change this, by promoting (e)quality education around the world.
The internet is a universal medium. It can be accessed by anyone.
Hewlett’s OER Theory of Change – Phase I
EQUALIZE ACCESS TO
KNOWLEDGERemove Barriers
High-Quality
Open Content
Understand and Stimulate Use
High-Quality
Open Content
GOALS OF OER
Text
CC helps eliminate legal barriers to sharing
Nancy cbnhttp://flickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/
Expression is often restricted.• Because expression can be, and often is, fully copyrighted.
• Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted, derived, or even accessed... without express permission by the owner of the copyright.
• But when people, especially educators, put things on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of making it freely available.
• Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent.
And if you don’t license your work to be open, it automatically defaults to all rights reserved copyright.
CC licenses build on copyright.• CC Licenses are a form of copyright. They do not replace copyright, but instead grant a priori permissions for certain uses that would otherwise be disallowed.
• So the author still retains their rights to a work; they simply choose to modify those rights they do not need or want.
• This makes perfect sense in education especially, since most people want to share and build off of each other’s work.
CC offers an easy way to share materials, vs the murky interpretations of fair use in copyright law.
openDemocracy cbahttp://flickr.com/photos/opendemocracy/542303769/
CC Licenses support InteroperabilityCC wants education to be here:
“All rights reserved”
Public Domain
Attribution Only
BYCC BY
are clear, comprehensible and coLIatible
LICENSES CONDITIONS
ATTRIBUTION
NO DERIVATES
NON COMMERCIAL
SHARE ALIKE
CC Licenses
Which License should I use when?
CC-BY
Attribution Only
We encourage use of CC BY ...
• Allows the most freedoms without giving up attribution, which is important for credibility in education and for spreading your ideas
• Is compatible with every other CC license, allowing the most room for innovation via collaboration
BY
• Does not encroach on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use
CC BY
Attribution Only
Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.
BY
Consider
• You are a creator of a work, be it a
• But as a professional in your field, you want to be recognized for your work.
• Basically, you want your stuff to be used widely—by the most people possible.
This is a great case for CC BY.
play,a love song, a cookbook
or an educational video game.
CC BY
Attribution Only
Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.
BY
But what if
• Someone takes my stuff and locks it away, defeating the purpose of making it open?
• Someone uses my stuff inappropriately, while my name is attached to it?
That’s impossible with digital content. Even if someone remixed the work and re-licensed it under full copyright, your original work is still available, free for anybody to use.
• CC BY specifically states that you do not endorse any works derived from yours.
• So it doesn’t matter; non-endorsement clause and moral rights allow you to request a take-down and seek damages anyway.
Boo!
Hurray!
Remember: CC BY
• Allows the most freedoms with attribution (important for credibility in education)
• Is compatible with every other CC license, so...BY
• All the while NOT encroaching on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use
i.e. CC BY-NC-SA might not allow print versions of your work to be given away for even a small recovery cost.
New and creative uses can develop that werenot possible before!
ND• No Derivates license means users can
not make any changes to the work
CC BY-ND
Attribution No Derivatives
Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.
ND
Consider
• You are part of a group of experts that has finally finished a protocol for data curation.
• Every word was carefully considered, and it took months of meetings to complete.
• You and the group want to share it, and you don’t particularly care how it is used...
... AS LONG AS it does not get altered in any way.
For this purpose, CC BY-ND is appropriate.
CC BY-ND
Attribution No Derivatives
Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.
ND
But consider too
• Foreign colleagues want to translate the protocol. They must seek permission before they can do so.
?
• Any time someone would like to adapt your work, the group’s permission is required—
Even for the simple purposes of technical and social interoperability.
• A fellow expert wants to adapt the work for display on PDAs. He must also seek permission.
?
Share Alike SA• Share Alike means if you remix or
create a new creative work, you must share it the same way it was shared with you. It does not obligate you to create something.
CC BY-NC-SA
Attribution Non-commercialShare Alike
Lets others:• remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially. • download and redistribute your work.• translate, remix, and produce new stories based on your work.
All new work based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also be licensed non-commercial.
SA
Consider
• A university decides to release course content openly.
Hurray!
• However, much of the content is third-party material.
• It is difficult to get rights-holders to give them content without the NC term.
This is a case where the university may want to adopt CC BY-NC-SA,
since it is necessary to reach an agreement with all their rights-holders.
Non-Commercial--NC • Non-Commercial license means
others can remix, tweak, and build upon your work as long as it is not for commercial use.
•
But what if
• Rights holders are willing to give materials to the university without the NC restriction.
Hurray!
• So the university applies the NC term.
This is a bad reason to use NC because:
• However, the university doesn’t want anyone selling content without their permission.
Boo!
• People only buy content if they can’t access the free version, or if they want to access it differently.
i.e. A publishing co. decides to make hardcopies available at minimal prices (to recover printing costs) … to students in Bangladesh!
CC BY-NC-SA
But they can’t, because it is NC licensed.
And they don’t want to go through the red tape of negotiations.
CC combination license• Users can use any combination of the
licenses. Check the Creative Commons website at www.creativecommons.org
• Here is an example:
Public Domain • Two licenses exist the public domain
Language and supporting materials more appropriate for the educational context
What are the different CC licenses and what do they mean?
Choosing a CC license for educational materials
Point of departure for understanding the bigger issues and hopes in education
EASY TO LICENSE
YOUR WORK
EASY TO LICENSE
YOUR WORK
CC licenses support OER
Without CC licenses, it is not clear what is open
Open high quality digitized educational content, tools and communities
Available anytime, anywhere for freeLocalizable and re-mixable
Allows for collective improvement and feedback
Open Educational Resources
As educators • We need to encourage
teachers/students worldwide to share their ideas and cultures
• We need to help students be Email-Pals with kids from other parts of the world to promote understanding
• We need need to share our lesson plans and our ideas to help one another
OER Strategy
Infrastructure
Impact Teaching and Learning
InnovationR & D
OER IS WORLDWIDE
Higher Education
K-12
OPEN LEARNING INITIATIVE
Transform Teaching and Learning:Open Game Based Environments
Open Language Learning InitiativeThis work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
How to Find
OER?
How to Find
OER?
A few ideas.A few ideas.
Search on CC
One way is using a Google Custom Search Engine
• So far this OER Beta Search only includes 20 universities but more will
be added.
• Here is the link
• More information will be available in January 2011
G OER Search for Higher Education Resources
OOCW has a federated search 0f 3947 courses
Social Barriersto OER
Technical Unfamiliarity
Workload
Organizational Pressures
Agency
Standardized Curricula
Standardized Curricula
Cultural
CulturalCultural
Awareness, Misconceptions
Standardized Curricula
Tenure Standards
Developed World
Developing World
My stuff
vs
Commons
vs
Noncommercial Term
Resources
Developed World
Developed World
Teacher Education
Socioeconomic factors
Time Management
Teacher Salary
(Bissell and Boyle)
Technical Pluses & Minuses
CC licenses are visible to search engines
• CC Licenses specify licensing restrictions on works in metadata
•Much OER is NOT picked up by search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing
Reference for this and later slides (where noted): Towards a Global Learning Commons: ccLearn. Bissell, Ahrash and James Boyle. Educational Technology 4(6). Nov-Dec 2007. Pages 5-9.
Other Technical ConcernsIncompatibility of:
• Encryption protocols
• Video formats
• Streaming technologies
So that even though OER may be licensed openly, they are prevented from being used openly, negating the point of openness.
A great deal of “open educational resources” are encased in technology not easily translatable to more universal, interoperable standards.
David Tames cbnahttp://flickr.com/photos/kino-eye/354623704/
(Bissell and Boyle)
DiscoverEd - "Discover the Universe of Open Educational Resources" Jorum - "free learning and teaching resources, created and contributed by teaching staff from UK Further and Higher Education Institutions"OCWFinder - "search, recommend, collaborate, remix"OER Commons - "Find Free-to-Use Teaching and Learning Content from around the World. Organize K-12 Lessons, College Courses, and more.”Temoa - "a knowledge hub that eases a public and multilingual catalog of Open Educational Resources (OER) which aims to support the education community to find those resources and materials that meet their needs for teaching and learning through a specialized and collaborative search system and social tools."University Learning = OCW+OER = Free custom search engine - a meta-search engine incorporating many different OER repositories uses Google Custom Search XPERT - "a JISC funded rapid innovation project (summer 2009) to explore the potential of delivering and supporting a distributed repository of e-learning resources created and seamlessly published through the open source e-learning development tool called Xerte Online Toolkits. The aim of XPERT is to progress the vision of a distributed architecture of e-learning resources for sharing and re-use." OER Dynamic Search Engine - a wiki page of OER sites with accompanied search engine (powered by Google Custom Search)The UNESCO OER Toolkit links to further useful, annotated resources and repositories.JISC Digital Media maintain guidance on finding video, audio and images online, including those licensed as Creative Commons.
SEARCH RESOURCES
You can help OER & CC• Tell all your educators friends about
OER
• Try using it yourself
• Create some OER and share
• Tell educators about CC licensing
• Send feedback to Creative Commons at this link
Thanks
•Thank you for coming to this presentation
•You can find it on SlideShare.
• Esther Wojcicki
Except where otherwise noted, this slideshow is
licensed CC BY .