Post on 08-Jun-2018
"Creating a Resilient Energy Network (Enernet) of
Distributed RenewableEnergy Powered Buildings
Brian T. Patterson – IEEE, IEC, USGBCPresident, EMerge Alliance
Designing & Implementing Distributed Energy, Energy Storage and Microgrid Projects
Executive ForumWednesday, June 1, 2016
4:15 PM – 4:45 PM
Smart GridEminent DomainSynchronizationFrequency ControlVoltage MaintenanceReactive Power (VARs)Spinning ReservesPeaking Turbines
Renewable Energy Sources (RES)Solar (PV) – Wind - Fuel CellsMicro-turbines - Combined Heat & Power Distributed Energy Resources (DER)Clean EnergyEnergy Storage
SSL - EfficiencySmart ControlsDigital Devices – IoTAC/DC Power ConversionFast Charge Electric VehiclesSmart BuildingsZero Net Energy (ZNE)
Remote Power AccessOff-gridIslandingMicrogridsLoad ShiftingDemand ResponseNet Metering
Power System ResiliencyElectro-Magnetic PulsesBrownouts-BlackoutsTerrorismExtreme WeatherPower QualityLinear Dynamic Failure
Building ServicesPower Storage & Control
Factory or WarehouseIndustrial Space
Outdoor SourcesOffice & Occupied Space
Data Center
Wind Farm
Solar Farm
Sub-station
Sub-station
Commercial Campus
Microgrid
Community Microgrids
Peaking Power Plant
Utility-Scale Microgrids
Utility Microgrids are Ener-connected into ‘Smart-Macro-Grids’
Base Load Power Plant
Base Load Power Plant
Base Load Power Plant
Base Load Power Plant
Utility Transmission Macrogrid
Combining ideal solutions with key virtues learned from the Internet
Resilient Infrastructure
The New Energy Marketplace
Non-Synchronous Nanogrids, Microgrids and Macrogrids Organized into an Increasingly Expansive and Inclusive Tiered Framework
The ENERNET
Macrogrids
National
Tier 3Regional
MicrogridsCommunity
Tier 2Campus
Nanogrids Building Tier 1
Level, Room, Device Area
Transforming Traditional Power Gridsto an ENERNET Mesh Topology:
Integrated Mesh NetworkCluster Tree Network
Transactive Power Management Framework
+
Public Utilities Local Service Providers
ProsumersCloud Based Service Providers
+++
Predicted Transition to a market driven Transactive Energy Framework
Source: GridWise Architecture Council
Transactive Power Management Framework Timing
The ENERNET
Flexible, clean, efficient, resilient, affordable and sustainable energy infrastructure
Involving a greater reliance on the native form of electricity: DIRECT CURRENT in microgrids
Why DC Microgrids?
Key Drivers: • Solar and other renewable sources
• The use of electricity storage
• The local coupling of multiple sources and loads
• Ease of solid-state digital (dc) articulation of power
• Increasing use of electronic loads
• Desire to simplify system electronics
Electric Function AC Microgrid Hybrid DC Microgrid
Power Sources(Solar / Wind / Fuel Cell / CHP/ grid)
AC + DC to AC DC + AC to DC
Power Storage(Battery / Thermal Electric)
IN: DC + AC DC + DC
OUT: DC to AC
IN: DC
OUT: DC
Distribution/Wiring(Conduit / Wiring / Circuit Protection)
AC + DC to AC DC
Loads/Devices/Outlets(Lighting / Motors / Pumps / IT
Security / Appliances / Desktop)
AC + AC to DC DC + DC to AC
Controls/Monitoring(Wired / Wireless)
AC to DC DC
Total Frequency Conversion Points 6 2
Microgrids Require Power Conversions
Notes: •Frequency conversions are generally much less efficient than simple voltage conversions•Conversion efficiency is almost always better at higher voltages and currents•Wire Size favors DC at equivalent voltages
Optimizing Power Conversions Via the Use of DC Microgrids Can Result in Double-Digit
Efficiency Increases
Source: Arthur D. Little Report to IEC SG4, September 2011
Immediate
Short Term
Long Term
Barriers to Overcome Full Utilization of DC Microgrids
• The Myths:
• Not as safe as AC
• Not good for long distance transmission
• Thicker wires needed?
• It’s not that much more efficient?
• The Reality:
• Standards & codes gaps
• Under-developed supply base
• Insufficient Industry knowledge base
• MEP, contractor & trade training required
• Volume market pricing
100+ Test, Beta, & Production SitesCommercial, Residential, Data Center Applications
NextHomeCampion HomesDetroit. MI
PNC Banking on Net Zero
Uses 50% of traditional branch – annually produces a surplus of electric energy
Bedrock (Quicken Loans – Detroit, MI)
• 3 Floors of Class A
Office Space
• 14th Floor:T8 Fluorescent – No Controls
• 15th Floor:LED Retro Tube – No controls
• 16th Floor:LED Retro Tube – W IPv6
controls
• Dramatic Energy
Savings
75%!
• Recognized by
Americas Green
Challenge
(White House Initiative)
System Case Studies
State of Michigan – Flint Office Bldg.
• Deep Renovation of 7 Story Office Bldg.
• 110,000sf of 24v DC LED Lighting
• 70,000sf of DC Energized Ceiling
• IPv6 Wireless Lighting Control
• Complete Early 2016
System Case Studies
NextEnergy Center – Detroit …
380v DC Microgrid
380v DC Bus
380v DC Data Center
30kW Rectifier
23,300sf of 24v DC Lighting
IPv6 Wireless Controls
16kW of PV Solar
High Bay Lighting
System Case Studies
Pitt-Ohio Express Harmar Facility• Renewable DC Energy (Solar/Wind) and Storage System
• Innovative DC-based design and operation / future expansion plans
System Case Studies
Duquesne Light Microgrid at Wood’s Run- Distributed Energy Development/Integration
- Multiple resources/loads, AC and DC aspects, demonstration
Woods Run Campus
Preble AvenueService Center
New Manchester Facility
System Case Studies
The Sendai DC Microgrid• Powered area hospital following the disastrous tsunami
• Innovative DC-based design and operation / still fully operational
System Case Studies