Post on 26-Mar-2015
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Chapter Fourteen
Presenting The Message
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Vocal Delivery
• Use vocal variety in volume, rate, and pitch.
• Avoid a monotone—a flat, boring sound resulting from a constant pitch, volume, and rate.
• Pronounce correctly and clearly.
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Avoid Common Vocal Problems
• Sloppy or incorrect articulation.• Ignorance of correct pronunciation.• Vowel distortion.• Pronunciation outside the normal pattern.• Those who speak American English as a second
language need special attention to rate, volume, and clarity.
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Physical Elements
• Gestures--the use of hands, body movements, and facial expressions.
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Eye Contact
• Looking into the eyes of your audience as you speak is crucial to effective speaking.
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Using a Script or Outline
• Look at the audience.• Use animation and naturalness.• Avoid moving or flipping manuscript pages
unnecessarily.• Use eye span.• Read and speak according to the meaning by
stressing important words and ideas.
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Using a Script or Outline Continued
• Vary your tone of voice so that you are speaking naturally.
• Underline key words and to mark off phrases.• Slash marks (virgules) can be used to indicate a
pause or a stop (/ / /).• Underscores to indicate stress.
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Using a Script or Outline Continued
• Double- or triple-space the information, number the pages, do not divide sentences by starting them on one page and finishing them on another.
• Do not write on the backs of the pages.• Use a large font size (e.g., 14) so you can easily
read the notes.• Use sheets of paper or note cards.
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Use of Visual Aids
• Use the visual to aid, not replace.• Be sure the visual is large enough for everyone
to see.• Display the visual only at the point when you are
speaking about that particular information.• Don’t block the audience’s view by standing
between the visual and them.
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Use of Visual Aids Continued
• Speak to your listeners, not to your visual.• Know the visual aid well enough so that you
don’t have to study it while you are speaking.• Point to the particular place on the aid that you
are discussing as you discuss it. (For example, if you are using a map, use a laser pointer to illustrate exactly what country you are discussing.)
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Use of Visual Aids Continued
• Integrate the aid into your presentation at the point of greatest impact.
• Limit the amount of text on a slide or chart.• Integrate handouts carefully.
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Ways to Make Speech Presentations Work Well
• Practice thoroughly.• Learn how to use the mouse or remote control
so that you can get to the right slide at the precise time in the sequence of your talk when it should appear.
• Be patient.• Maintain control of the presentation.
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Ways to Make Speech Presentations Work Well
• Be prepared for the worst.• When you get to the room or auditorium where
you will make your presentation, check out the facilities.
• Don’t talk to the screen.
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Public Speaking Anxiety
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Conquering Public Speaking Anxiety
• Speaking in public is NOT inherently stressful.• You don’t have to be brilliant or perfect to
succeed.• When you speak in public, nothing that bad can
happen!• You don’t have to control the behavior of your
audience.
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Your Audience Truly Wants You To Succeed
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Dealing with Speaking Anxiety
• Embrace the experience of giving a presentation.
• Accept that you will experience some anxiety.• Avoid drugs or alcohol.• Use relaxation techniques.• Recognize the anxiety.• Prepare. • Practice visualization.
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Speech Apprehension and Culture
• Speaking apprehension varies.
Low of 31% in Israel.
High of 57% in Japan.
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Rehearsing the Speech
• There is no one best way to rehearse.
• Stop practicing when you are comfortable with your material and have worked out the problems related to using notes and supplementary aids.
[Add Photo 14.3]
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Speaking With Confidence
• Speak about a topic you believe in.• Know your topic inside and out.• Organize your thoughts into a cohesive
presentation.• Embrace your uniqueness and imperfections.• Don’t apologize.• Confident speakers are often nervous, but don’t
let the audience know it.
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Culture Plays a Major Role Public Speaking
• Some Black Americans audiences expect the speaker to entertain, comfort, inspire, and give reasons.
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Example Cultural Effects
• Chinese people are very polite and may nod their heads vertically only to indicate that they are receiving the message.
• Chinese seem to avoid free expression of personal views and feeling so may not ask questions.
• In Arab cultures, the poetic words of speakers are sometimes accented with fiery harangues of sound.
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Dealing With Difficulties During A Speech
• Accept that mistakes are going to happen.• Try to be relaxed as you speak.• Look at the people in the audience who are alert
during the presentation.• Remember that we all make mistakes.• Take time to get yourself organized at the
lectern.
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Discussion Questions
• What are the oral and physical factors that contribute to an effective presentation?
• How can you effectively use visuals in your presentation?
• What have you learned about how to use an outline or manuscript while you speak in public?
• How will you use rehearsal to increase the success of your public speaking?
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Discussion Questions
• How might culture affect your public speaking presentation?
• How will you demonstrate increased confidence in your public speaking?
• How can you deal with public speaking anxiety?• How might culture affect speech apprehension?
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References
• The sources are available at the end of chapter fourteen of the textbook.
• Visuals from textbook chapter or http://dgl.microsoft.com/