Post on 15-Jan-2016
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-1
Bony Structure of Pelvis
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 2. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-2
Muscles of the Pelvis & Thigh
Anterior PosteriorFrom LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-3
Arteries and Veins of the Lower Extremity
From LifeART, Orthopedics. Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-4
Acetabulum
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-5
Bones of the Lower Leg
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-6
Muscles of the Leg
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-7
Right Knee, Posterior View
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-8
Right Knee, Anterior View
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-9
Bones of the Lower Leg & Foot
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-10
Primary Nerves of the Lower Extremity
From LifeART, Orthopedics. Copyright
1998, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-11
Dislocated Knee
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-12
Valgus Stress Test for the Knee
Full Extension 20o Flexion
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-13
Varus Stress Test for the Knee
Full Extension 30o Flexion
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-14
Anterior Drawer Test for the Knee
application of anterior force to the proximal posterior aspect of the tibia to assess the stability of the ACL
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-15
Posterior Drawer Test for the Knee
application of posterior force to the proximal anterior aspect of the tibia to assess the stability of the PCL
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-16
Lachman Test
application of anterior and posterior force to the proximal posterior tibia to determine the stability of the ACL and PCL
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-17
Pivot Shift Test
internal rotation of the ankle combined with medial force to assess the stability of the ACL
Visual 18-18Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Direct Axial Load
direct pressure applied to the long axis
of a body or limb
Visual 18-19Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Tendon Rupture
a complete tear of a tendon
Visual 18-20Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Patellar Tendon Rupture Test
extension of the lower leg to assess the integrity of the patellar tendon
Visual 18-21Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Meniscal Tear
a partial or complete tear of a meniscus
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-22
McMurray Test
compression of the meniscus of the knee combined with internal and external rotation while the patient is face-up to assess the integrity of the meniscus
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-23
McMurray Test, Cont.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-24
Apley Compression Test
compression of the meniscus of the knee combined with internal and external rotation on a patient who is face-down to assess the integrity of the meniscus
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-25
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
inflammation or irritation of the tibia at its point of attachment with the patellar tendon
Visual 18-26Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Chondromalacia Patellae
abnormal softening of the cartilage
beneath the patella
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-27
Patella Grind Test
application of inferior force to the superior aspect of the patella as the quadriceps are flexed to assess the condition of the cartilage beneath the patella
Visual 18-28Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Shin Splints
pain in the lower leg following strenuous or repetitive lower
extremity exercise
Visual 18-29Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Anterior Compartment Syndrome
swelling of the tissues between the tibia and fibula that requires rapid treatment to prevent permanent neural
and vascular damage
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-30
Ankle, Lateral View
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-31
Ankle, Medial View
From LifeART, Grant’s Atlas 3. Copyright
1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-32
Talar Tilt Test
inversion of the foot to determine the stability of the ankle joint
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-33
Anterior Drawer Test for the Ankle
application of anterior force to the heel to assess the stability of the ankle joint
Visual 18-34Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Thompson Test
compression of the calf muscle while observing for plantar flexion
to assess the stability of the Achilles tendon
Visual 18-35Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Ingrown Toenail
a toenail that has grown into the skin of the toe
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.Visual 18-36
Athlete’s Foot
a fungal infection of the foot
Visual 18-37Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Plantar Fasciitis
inflammation of the fibrous membranes, or connective
tissue, in the foot
Visual 18-38Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Alameda was playing an away game at Clearcreek. Near the end of the first half, the basketball game was starting to get a little sloppy and physical. This is when Julia stole the ball and took off like a flash toward the other end of the court for what looked like an easy lay-up. Maggie was at the other end of the court waiting to defend her. Julia was going full tilt, but Maggie was prepared take the charge. Just as Julia went up, Maggie turned to protect herself. Wham! Her elbow hit the middle of Julia’s thigh, and Julia went down in pain. She tried to get back up, but was a little wobbly. Coach Winn came out to make sure she was okay. Since neither school had an athletic trainer, he was responsible for providing any necessary first aid. Once the coach got there, Julia was able to get up and limp off to the locker room for half time.
During half time she sat with her leg extended and listened to the coach’s words of inspiration. Fifteen minutes later, half time was over and Julia tried to jog out, but limped noticeably instead. Coach Winn
Visual 18-39Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
had her try to run forward, backward, and side to side, but she couldn’t do it. It was just too painful. On top of that, the leg was starting to get tight and was losing range of motion.
What should Julia have done at half time? Can you think of anything that could have made her more comfortable? What can be done to protect her thigh from getting hit again? If she loses her ROM, how can she get it back? How can she maintain her ROM?