Post on 18-Mar-2020
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Contribu)on of the IITA cassava germplasm to mee)ng the increasing demand and future outlook in Southern Africa Region
Ntawuruhunga Pheneas, Chiona Mar7n, Kanju Edward, Christopher Moyo and Chama Turnbull
IITA, Southern Africa Regional Hub, Lusaka , Zambia
World Congress on Root and Tuber Crops
Nanning, Guangxi, China, January 18-‐22, 2016
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About IITA in Africa
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Suitability area for cassava in the region
Source: (IITA GPS lab)
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About the Southern Africa regional
• Over-‐dependence on maize • Produc7on risks due to drought
• Chronic food shortages • Nutri7onal deficiencies • Food insecurity
Good rains
Drought
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R4D Ac)vi)es focus on • Develop improved cassava varie)es
for market • Biological threats • Improved plan7ng materials • Cer7fica7on systems • Improved crop management • Large scale plan7ng & post-‐harvest
ac7vi7es
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Strategies used to develop adapted germpalsm to different agro-ecologies
To release a variety takes at least 7-‐8 years
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Germplasm development The b reed ing l ed to the development and diffusion of improved cassava varie7es in th e region with good resistance to major pests and diseases, high in root yield, high dry maRer content.
Adapted , resistant and high yielding varie)es were selected and released
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Malawi () Mlora (83350), Phoso (LCN801), Sagonja CH92/082 Chiombola (TME 6) Kalawe (CH02/0066) Mpale (NDL90/34) Chamandanda (01/1313)
Improved released cassava varie)es or advanced poten)al genotypes for release in 2011-‐12
Mozambique Colicanana Nziva Okhumelela Orera Eyope
Swaziland 48 160 92/I60142 TMS I92/0057
Zambia Chila Kampolombo Kariba Mweru Nalumino
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Comparison of infested local CMD varie)es vs local free and improved varie)es in Malawi
(Source : Arega et al. 2013)
Yield (tons/ha) District (site)
Local CMD infested
Local CMD free
Improved varie)es
Nkhatabay 12 17 17 Mzimba 12 12 9 Nkhotakota 10 16 17 Lilongwe 7 11 11 Zomba 6 11 12 Mulanje 9 9 20 Mean 9 12 14 Yield Gain (%) 33 55
But the same study reported a very low adop)on rate !!!
What to do ? 2 hypotheses , either farmers do know them or they do not meet farmers preferences.
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PVS by MIRACLE project in the region
• The main aim of MIRACLE was to improve health and nutri7on status, food security and income of people living with People Living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) through the produc7on, consump7on and marke7ng of nutri7onally-‐enhanced crop and livestock products, lobbying for suppor7ve agricultural and health policies, and strengthening the capacity of key stakeholders engaged in agricultural ac7vi7es.
• The project deployed different local adapted nutrient-‐dense crop
varie7es (soybean, cowpea ….) and screening of yellow-‐fleshed cassava was increased, because we did not have yet variety ready for PVS but countries were at different levels of progress .
• The cassava took advantages of it to use PVS approach to assess
preferences of many farmers
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Results of PVS in Malawi
Mpale ( most preferred )
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Ex. of farmers per country exposed to new technologies, cassava included in 2012/13
Year 2012/13
Country Lead Farmers TOTAL
Male Female
Malawi 289 158 447
Mozambique 119 79 198
Swaziland 50 14 64
Zambia 289 244 533
TOTAL 747 495 1,272
>4,500 farmers were used in the 4 years of the project
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Mi)ga)ng cassava threats (FtF) and SARD-‐SC cassava projects in Zambia
13
Par7cipatory Variety Selec7on method was extensively used
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Famers evalua)ng improved new varie)es through PVS
The farmers did not know the existence of improved varie7es neither diseases symptoms
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Many farmers (men and women) par7cipated in variety evalua7on in Eastern province
15
PVS cont….
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Sensory Evaluation: Mealyness
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0
-3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Dim
ensio
n 2
Dimension 1
Loc_RomwY_MEAL_M
Y_MEAL_FLoc_Fpam I30040Loc_Gman Nalumino R_MEAL_F
Loc_Elun Loc_ImwaG_MEAL_M Loc_Mchi
KampolomChila Loc_Acha
Loc_Wzim KaribaLoc_JkabTME 2Mweru Loc_Fho2
Loc_LlunLoc_Bban
Loc_MwmnLoc_Mmul Loc_Hkap
Loc_KchaLoc_Jmwl
G_MEAL_F Loc_DmulLoc_Echi
Loc_AgonLoc_EmpuLoc_Lmum
R_MEAL_M
Loc_Kalu
Loc_Emww
Sensory test: mealiness, gender effect in 2012/13
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Effect gender on cassava consump)on preferences,2013/2014, new set of clones
Principal Component Analysis reconfirms the previous year results
In addi7ons new candidates varie7es were iden7fied and submiRed to the release commiRee of SCCI
• L9 304/34 • TME 579
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Opportuni)es coming up require the breeders to avail varie)es mee)ng this demand
• Due to climate change government is looking for varie7es for food securi7es
• SAPP project in Zambia is new value chain to meet these demands • Private sectors are joining gradually
• Breweries in Mozambique and Zambia • Sunbird signed a project to construct a plant for biofuel on 20,000 ha provided by the Govt
• PremierCon Zambia ltd Cassava Starch Processing Project in Solwezi District
• Animal feed and bakeries have accepted to work with us.....
• The same trend is coming out in Malawi where C:AVA is taking the lead
• In Southern Africa , industries are making the same demand for starch
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MAS and PPB for Improving Local Varie)es For Pest and Disease Resistance
ü Gene7c crosses between locals and
improved ü Do MAS on ‘clean’
plants at 6MAP ü MAS is used to select
for ‘minimum criteria’ and reduce pop. size
Improved Introduc)ons (n numbers)
Crossing block Polycross design (second year)
Local varie)es ≈ 60
Seedling trial (n seedlings) (Third Year)
(MAS) (Third Year)
Single row trial ≈ n genotypes (Fourth year)
Farmer/users par)cipatory
trial n genotypes
(Fiph year)
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The future of cassava in the region is bright
Thank you
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Thank you