Post on 29-Jun-2020
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2017-18 CIF e-Lecture Series“Innovative Solutions to Respond to the Challenge of a Changing Climate”
Patrick LenzResearch Scientist
Canadian Wood Fibre CentreFebruary 14, 2018
Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing
Climate!
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Participants
Jeff FeraForest
Research Officer
CWFC, GLFC
Mike HoeptingForester
CWFC, GLFC
Cosmin FilipescuResearch
Scientist – CWFC, PFC
Tim KeddyWood Fibre
Development Specialist
CWFC, NoFC
Patrick LenzResearch
Scientist – CWFC, LFC
Janice CookeUniversity of
Alberta
Nathalie Isabel Research Scientist –CWFC, LFC
Mike Cruickshank
Research Scientist –CWFC, PFC
Michele Fullarton
Govt of NB
John Pedlar Biologist
CFS, GLFC
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Projects• from a wide geographic range;• focussing on different species and
ecosystems; All aiming at an improved future
fibre supply through appropriatestand establishment practices.
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Stand establishment practices for resilient forests(CWFC collaborative research project 3.1)
CFS program:
SustainableFibre Solutions
Output 3: Growing Resilient Forests for a Sustainable Fibre Supply
Stand Establishment Practices
Research topics• Genetic and genomic tools for advanced
tree breeding• Assisted migration techniques• Vegetation management and pre-
commercial thinning practices to enhance resilience and productivity
• Adjusted stocking standards for future conditions
• Growing stands for specific type of fibre• …
Wood fibre for bio-economy opportunities
Silvilcultural solutions for short-term timber supply
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Stand establishment practices for resilient forests(CWFC collaborative research project 3.1)
CFS program:
SustainableFibre Solutions
Output 3: Growing Resilient Forests for a Sustainable Fibre Supply
Stand Establishment Practices
Forest Climate Change
Linking to other CFS programs:
Sustainable Forest Management
Pest Risk Management
Research topics• Genetic and genomic tools for advanced
tree breeding• Assisted migration techniques• Vegetation management and pre-
commercial thinning practices to enhance resilience and productivity
• Adjusted stocking standards for future conditions
• Stand growing for specific type of fibre• …
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Future fibre supply … first thoughts of a geneticist …
• Need of superior planting stock • Improved properties for growth, wood and … what else?
• Climate Change will continuously influence our choice of traits to improve and how we manage plantations and forests.• Create resilient forests
• Rapid and flexible tree breeding approaches using genomic tools.• Genomic selection modelling
• Pedigree control
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Co-lead in Genome Canada financed applied partnership project:
Project aim: • Implementation of genomic selection in
spruce breeding programs in provinces of QC and NB (MFFPQ, NBTIC and JD Irving Ltd; co-lead: U Laval and CWFC)
Prediction of genetic value based ongenetic markers will significantly speedup the improvement of planting stock.
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Genome Canada large-scale project, lead: U. Laval & UBC
General goal• Improve phenotyping and genomic
selection of complex traits.
CFS Co-PIs : Nathalie Isabel et Patrick Lenz
• Precision phenotyping of drought resistance (collab.: U. Toronto)
• Nutrient use efficiency (collab.: U of Alberta)
prepare for environmental changes understand mechanisms and select
more resilient treesE Dussault, CFS
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Genome Canada large-scale project, lead: U. Laval & UBC
CFS Co-PIs : Nathalie Isabel et Patrick Lenz
• End product relevant wood quality traits: stiffness and wood uniformity (U. Laval)
• Optimized stem form and branching for optimal processing.
• Biomass and chemical composition as novel bio-economy traits.
Produce high valued products Diversify product basket: bio-products,
carbon sequestration credits
VT-Institute
D Blanchette
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
So … what else do we need besides good seedlings??
Once seedlings are in the ground:
• How do we mange plantations and forests for resilient fibre supply?
• What are actually the risks arising from changing climate?
• How do we expect trees to react under altered climate?
• How can we augment resilience to (more intense) pest and diseases?
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Vulnerability Assessment for Climate Change at the Petawawa Research Forest - an example for
the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Project Objective: A vulnerability assessment for climate change at the Petawawa Research Forest (PRF) aims to evaluate the risks and opportunities which a changing climate may impose on sustainably managing the
forest in the future for forest research, forest operations and regional leadership.
By undertaking this assessment this project hopes to achieve:
Research: Smart investments for innovative research
Knowledge to inform forest managers and policy decisions on advanced solutions to challenges facing the forest sector concerning climate change
Connect to external forest adaptation to climate change research networks (national and international)
Operations: Provide information that will allow climate change associated risks and opportunities, and adaptation and/or
mitigation measures to be incorporated in the development of the next iteration of a sustainable forest management plan for the PRF
Leadership:Regional demonstration of undertaking of a VACC at the scale of a forest management unit
Demonstration of utilizing information from a VACC to enhance a sustainable forest management plan (SFMP). Demonstration of on-the-ground silvicultural options to enhance sustainable forest management within a
changing climate
Edwards, J.E., Pearce, C., Ogden, A.E., and Williamson, T.B. 2015. Climate change and sustainable forest management in Canada: a guidebook for assessing vulnerability and mainstreaming adaptation into decision making.
Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, Ottawa, Ontario. 160 p.
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Mapping vulnerability and it’s componentsVolume exposed Exposure x Sensitivity
Drought vulnerability PRF for 2071-2100 projection, RCP 8.5Boisvert-Marsh, Aubin et al. Dec 2017
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC)
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
PartnersIsabelle Aubin, Research Scientist, NRCan: Tree sensitivity to climate change mapping tool - Integrating ecological knowledge to biophysical predictions for a more accurate assessment of tree vulnerability to climate change (Aubin et al. 2016).
Dan McKenney, Research Scientist, NRCan: Customized spatial climate models for North America - Geographical climate model for predictions of possible climatic conditions under various climate change scenarios (McKenney et al. 2011).Seedwhere model, a wed based application to assist matching tree seed sources to climatic appropriate conditions (McKenney et al.1999)
Murray Woods, Researcher, NRCan/OMNRF: Use existing LiDAR-derived enhanced forest inventory and associated products (e.g. digital terrain model, wet areas mapping) for forest metrics information.
Anthony Taylor, Research Scientist, NRCan: Climate Change impacts on forest modelling (Boulanger et al. 2016).
Frédérik Doyon, Research Scientist, Institut des Sciences de la Forét tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais: Design of a procedure of silvicultural diagnosis that aims at reinforcing the adaptative capacity to climate change of hardwood and pine stands.
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture
• Portfolio of studies (8 studies, est. 1952-2015)• Common objectives: timing and intensity of vegetation
management and density regulation• Team: M.Hoepting, N.Thiffault, J.Farrell, J.Fera, I.Aubin, K.Santala
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – recent activity
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – pending results
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – pending results
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – going forward
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation
Objectives:
• Detect signal(s) of adaptation by using a dendroecologyapproach
• Evaluating a posteriori drought tolerance
• Look for genotype-phenotype (e.g. WUE) associations and genotype-environment associations
Team: RNCan Martin Girardin, Patrick Lenz, Martine Savard; U Laval Claire Depardieu, Isabelle Duchesne, Jean Bousquet; SRFI-WSL Arthur Gessler
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Approaches to study local adaptationEx: Eastern white pine
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Approaches to study local adaptationEx: Eastern white pine
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation Evaluating a posteri drought tolerance (Coll. M. Savard, A. Gessler)
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation Evaluating a posteri drought tolerance (Coll. M. Savard, A. Gessler)
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Background
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Genomic Selection: Efficiency in the Tree Breeding Programs of the Maritimes
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Measuring and field sampling
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Operational use of the information:
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Western Redcedar – High-Value, Multiple-Use Resource
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Cedar Research Working Group
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Cedar – Management options
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Re
lati
ve R
esi
stan
ce
Percent distance through tree base
CW stumped CW unstumped
CWEP stumped CWEP unstumped
CWFD stumped CWFD unstumped
CWPL stumped CWPL unstumped
Cruickshank, Filipescu, Sturrock
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Cedar – Heartwood extractivesRate of growth and site in second growth
Filipescu, Stirling
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Cedar – Climate change
Campbell, Berg, Filipescu
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Cedar – Decay dynamics and Genetics
Becker, Sturrock, Pellow
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Cedar – Economic analysisStumping out tree root disease – An economic analysis of controlling root
disease, including its effects on carbon storage in southern British Columbia.
2018. Forest Ecology and Management 409(2): 129-147. Bogdanski, Cruickshank, Di
Lucca, Becker
An Economic Assessment of the Western Redcedar Industry in British Columbia.
(in press) FI-X-017 Report. Gregory, McBeath, Filipescu
Canada’s Western Redcedar Industry: An analysis if Import Demand (in press)
Grypma, Bogdanski, Sun
Impact of decay losses and ungulate browsing on cedar product potential and
value (ongoing) Bogdanski, Cruickshank, Sattler, Di Lucca, Filipescu et al.
Bogdanski, Cruickshank, McBeath, Filipescu et al.
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Douglas-fir projects
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Tree stress- Resistance and Tolerance
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Wood Density
• Biggest change after infection or drought
Affected by:
• Tracheid wall thickness• Tracheid diameter• Proportion of earlywood
to latewood
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Frequency of traits in interior Douglas-fir to Ophiostoma
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Correlation between resistance traits for multiple stress agents
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Conclusions• Temperature and moisture most affect survival and wood properties
• Wood density most affected by disease very similar to drought effects
• cavitationdissolved gasses in water reaction to sudden loss of root function?
• Pay attention to wood density with climate change- are we getting more drought prone wood
• Resistance has a cost after infection and tolerance before infection
• Need to be careful about costs
• Resistance and tolerance not correlated- can have one or the other or both
• Selection for best trees against one stress does not correlate well with best trees to other stressors
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Genomics of Western Gall Rust Resistance
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Genomics of Western Gall Rust Resistance
Project Objectives:
(1) Determine genetic basis of western gall rust resistance using association genetics.
(2) Calculate breeding values by conducting genomic selection for western gall rust resistance.
(3) Identify DNA markers that can be used in tree improvement programmes to select for western gall rust resistance.
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Partners:
Deogratias Rweyongeza and Andy BenowiczAlberta Agriculture and Forestry, Forest Management Branch, Alberta
Tree Improvement and Seed Centre
Collaborators:
Rong-Cai Yang, quantitative geneticistUniversity of Alberta
Patrick Lenz, quantitative geneticistCanadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre
Tod Ramsfield and Colin Myrholm, pathologistsCanadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre
Genomics of Western Gall Rust Resistance
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Genomics of Western Gall Rust Resistance
Cooke Lab:
Chandra McAllister, molecular biology and genomics
Kate St. Onge, population and quantitative genomics
Rhiannon Peery, bioinformatics
Michael Mbenoun, pathologist
Marion Mayerhofer, technician
Eden McPeak, undergraduate
Amelia Deneka, undergraduate
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Population genetic analysis of the E. harknessii pathogen reveals two distinct populations
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Population genetic analysis of the E. harknessii pathogen reveals two distinct populations
Western gall rust population structure coincides with
lodgepole pine and jack pine distribution: coevolution
between host and pathogen?
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Lodgepole is more susceptible than jack pine, and species show highest susceptibility to E. harknessii from their native ranges
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Lodgepole is more susceptible than jack pine, and species show highest susceptibility to E. harknessii from their native ranges
More evidence for coevolution
between host & pathogen
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Western gall rust resistance screening of ~2000 lodgepole & hybrid seedlings from 76 half sib families
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Good within-family correlation between disease indices of seedlings and mature trees
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Next steps: Genotyping with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Next steps: Genomic Selection and Association Genetics
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
A sustainable, reforestation or restoration plan requires forests to be appropriately matched to future climates.
Our work examines the biophysical and economic potential of alternative seed sources using various approaches/tools (local, Seedwhere, and derived via analyses of genetics trials e.g. URFs-Universal Response Functions)
Partners include: OMNRF, Universities (e.g., Lakehead, University of Guelph), USFS, NGOs (Forests Ontario, Forest Gene Conservation Authority)
Dan McKenney, John Pedlar, Glenn Lawrence, Emily Hope (GLFC)
The Seedwhere CWFC Project: Climate and Economic-smart Forest Regeneration
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Seedwhere– a climate matching tool –
Basic tool produces maps showing climate similarity ranging from 0 – 1 (Gower metric)
Can be used with any number of climate variables
can incorporate climate change (procurement and deployment) under different climate change scenarios
recent work has incorporated a number of improvements into the Seedwhere web application
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Seedwhere Improvements
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Seedwhere Improvements
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Some Results/Activities in FY 2017/18:
Support and capacity building for OMNRF in developing new seed transfer policy (e.g., helped
organize seed transfer workshop); includes customized Seedwhere for internal OMNRF use
Several talks on the subject of climate change, Assisted migration and seed transfer issues
including a CIF lecture
Seedwhere updates, including efforts to get Seedwhere back online under new federal gov’t
cyber rules
New studies of tree performance vs climate –including survival analyses of provenance trials
for 7 species
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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture
Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing
Climate!
Thank You!
2017-18 CIF e-Lecture Series“Innovative Solutions to Respond to the Challenge of a Changing Climate”