Post on 22-Dec-2015
Conjugations of Latin Verbs
Principle Parts• Almost every verb has 4 principle
parts• The 1st principle part is the first
person of the present tense• The 2nd principle part is the infinitive
which is used for the present, imperfect, and future tenses
• The 3rd principle part is used for the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses
• The 4th principal part is used for the passive voice & participles
General Rules for Conjugating
• For the present, imperfect, and future tense you use the infinitive of the verb.– You take off the –re and add the
specific ending for each tense.
•For the perfect, pluperfect, & future perfect tenses you use the third principle part of the verb.
-You take off the –i & add the specific ending for each tense.
Conjugations• There are 4 conjugations of
Latin verbs 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
-are -ēre -ere -ire
Tenses• There are 6 verb
tenses in Latin:-Present -Perfect-Imperfect -Pluperfect -Future -Future Perfect
• Each tense has its own endings
Present Tense• The present tense is
used to describe what is going on or what is happening now.
• endings:-o or m -mus-s -tis-t -nt
Imperfect Tense• The imperfect tense is used
to tell about an action that occurs in the past or went on for a long time.
• The endings are:– bam -bamus– bas -batis– bat -bant
Future Tense• The future tense is used to
tell what will or is going to happen.
• The future tense also has two sets of ending.
• The endings for 1st and 2nd conjugations are:– bo -bimus– bis -bitis– bit -bunt
Future Tense Continued
• The other set of endings is used for the 3rd and 4th conjugations.
• Those endings are:– am -emus– es -etis– et -ent– REMEMBER – BO, BI, BU
for 1 & 2, A & E for 4 & 3
Perfect Tense• The perfect tense is used
to tell about a completed action or what has happened.
• The endings are:– i -imus– isti -istis– it -erunt
Pluperfect Tense• The pluperfect tense is
used to tell about an action that occurred before the perfect tense or what had happened.
• The endings are:– eram -eramus– eras -eratis– erat -erant
Future Perfect Tense
• The future perfect tense is used with conditional phrases, clauses with if, and tells what will have happened
• The endings are:– ero -erimus– eris -eritis– erit -erint
1St Conjugation Amo, amare, amavi, amatus = To love
Presentamo amamusamas amatisamat amant
Imperfectamabam amabamusamabas amabatisamabat amabant
Future amabo amabimus amabis amabitis amabit amabunt
1st ContinuedPerfect
amavi amavimus amavisti amavistis amavit amaverunt
Pluperfectamaveram amaveramusamaveras amaveratisamaverat amaverant
Future Perfect amavero amaverimus amaveris amaveritis amaverit amaverint
2nd Conjugation Maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus = To
remain, stay, wait
Presentmaneo manemusmanes manetismanet manent
Imperfect manebam manebamus manebas manebatis manebat manebant
Future manebo manebimus manebis manebitis manebit manebunt
2nd ContinuedPerfect
mansi mansimus mansisti mansistis mansit
manserunt Pluperfectmanseram manseramusmanseras manseratismanserat manserant
Future Perfect mansero manserimus manseris manseritis manserit manserint
3rd Conjugation• There are regular 3rd conjugation
verbs and 3rd –io.• For all third conjugation verbs
instead of only taking off the –re and adding the endings for the present tense you have to change the e to an i.
• For the rest of the tenses the rules are the same but for the 3rd –io you put an i before the e in the imperfect and future tenses.
• Also in the 3rd person plural form of the present tense the i changes to an u.
3rd Conjugation (regular)
Presentcado cadimuscadis caditiscadit cadunt
Cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus = To fall
Imperfect cadebam cadebamus cadebas cadebatis cadebat cadebant
Future cadam cademus cades cadetis cadet cadent
3rd Conjugation (regular)…
Perfect cecidi cecidimus cecidisti cecidistis cecidit ceciderunt
Pluperfectcecideram cecideramuscecideras cecideratisceciderat ceciderant
Future Perfect cecidero ceciderimus cecideris cecideritis ceciderit ceciderint
3rd Conjugation (-io)
Facio, facere, feci, factus = To make, do
Presentfacio facimusfacis facitisfacit faciunt
Imperfect faciebam faciebamus faciebas faciebatis faciebat faciebant
Future faciam faciemus facies facietis faciet facient
3rd Conjugation (-io)…
Perfect feci fecimus fecisti fecistis fecit fecerunt
Pluperfectfeceram feceramusfeceras feceratisfecerat fecerant
Future Perfect fecero fecerimus feceris feceritis fecerit fecerint
4th Conjugation
Dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormiturus= To sleep
Presentdormio dormimusdormis dormitisdormit dormiunt
Imperfectdormiebam dormiebamus
dormiebas dormiebatis dormiebat dormiebant
Future dormiam dormiemus dormies dormietis dormiet dormient
4th Conjugation Continued Perfect
dormivi dormivimus
dormivisti dormivistis
dormivit dormiverunt
Pluperfect
dormiveram dormiveramus
dormiveras dormiveratis
dormiverat dormiverant
Future Perfect
dormivero dormiverimus
dormiveris dormniveritis
dormiverit dormiverint
Irregular Verbs• Along with regular verbs
there are also irregular verbs in Latin.
• They have their own endings and have a special ways of being conjugated.
• The six verbs that will be conjugated are esse, posse, velle, nolle, ferre, and ire.
Sum, esse, fui, futurus-to be
Present
sum sumus
es estis
est sunt
Imperfect eram eramus
eras eratis
erat erant
Future
ero erimus
eris eritis
erit erunt
Perfectfui fuimus
fuisti fuistis
fuit fuerunt Pluperfect
fueram fueramus
fueras fueratis
fuerat fuerant
Future Perfect
fuero fuerimus
fueris fueritis
fuerit fuerint
Possum, posse, potui- to be able
This verb is just like esse only there must be a pot before the e and pos before the s.
Present
possum possumus
potes potestis
potest possunt
Imperfect poteram poteramus
poteras poteratis
poterat poterant
Future
potero poterimus
poteris poteritis
poterit poterunt
Possum, posse, potui- to be able… Perfectpotui potuimus
potuisti potuistis
potuit potuerunt
Pluperfect
potueram potueramus potueras potueratis
potuerat potuerant
Future Perfect
potuero potuerimus
potueris potueritis
potuerit potuerint
Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want
• These two verbs conjugated the same way.
Present
volo volumus
vis vultis
vult volunt
Present
nolo nolumus
non vis non vultis
non vult nolunt
Imperfect volebam volebamus
volebas volebatis
volebat volebant
Imperfect nolebam nolebamus
nolebas nolebatis
nolebat nolebant
Future
volam volemus
voles voletis
volet volent
Future
nolam nolemus
noles noletis
nolet nolent
Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want…
Perfectvolui voluimus
voluisti voluistis
voluit voluerunt
Perfectnolui noluimus
noluisti noluistis
noluit noluerunt
Pluperfect
volueram volueramus volueras volueratis
voluerat volueratis
Pluperfect
nolueram nolueramus nolueras nolueratis
noluerat nolueratis
Future Perfect
voluero voluerimus
volueris volueritis
voluerit voluerint
Future Perfect
noluero noluerimus
nolueris nolueritis
noluerit noluerint
Fero, ferre, tuli, latus- to bring, carry
Present
fero ferimus
fers fertis
fert ferunt
Imperfect ferebam ferebamus
ferebas ferebatis
ferebat ferebant
Future
feram feremus
feres feretis
feret ferent
Fero, ferre, tuli, latus…
Perfect tuli tulimus
tulisti tulistis
tulit tulerunt
Pluperfect
tuleram tuleramus tuleras tuleratis
tulerat tulerant
Future Perfect
tulero tulerimus
tuleris tuleritis
tulerit tulerint
Eo, ire, ivi, iturusTo go
Present
eo imus
is itis
it eunt
Imperfect ibam ibamus
ibas ibatis
ibat ibant
Future
ibo ibimus
ibis ibitis
ibit ibunt
Eo, ire, ivi, iturus…
Perfect ivi ivimus
ivisti ivistis
ivit iverunt
Pluperfect
iveram iveramus iveras iveratis
iverat iverant
Future Perfect
ivero iverimus
iveris iveritis
iverit iverint
THE END