CONJUGATING LATIN CONJUGATING LATIN VERBSVERBSSECOND CONJUGATION SECOND CONJUGATION

Latin ILatin ILatin For Americans Latin For Americans Lesson 10 Lesson 10

Verb ReviewVerb Review

All Latin verbs have four principal All Latin verbs have four principal partsparts amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, umamo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um

All Latin verbs use personal endingsAll Latin verbs use personal endings o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nto/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt I, you, he/she/it, we, y’all, theyI, you, he/she/it, we, y’all, they

Second Conjugation Second Conjugation VerbsVerbs

Like all first conjugation verbs, Like all first conjugation verbs, second conjugation verbs have second conjugation verbs have four principal partsfour principal parts

habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, umum

Second Conjugation Second Conjugation VerbsVerbs

Note that second conjugation Note that second conjugation uses -uses -ēreēre instead of - instead of -āreāre in 2 in 2ndnd Principal Part Principal Part video, video, vidērevidēre, vidi, visus – a, um, vidi, visus – a, um augeo, augeo, augēreaugēre, auxi, auctus – a, , auxi, auctus – a,

umum

Second Conjugation Second Conjugation VerbsVerbs

The formation of the The formation of the present stem for 2present stem for 2ndnd conjugation verbs is the conjugation verbs is the same as 1same as 1stst conjugation conjugation

2nd P.P. (-) the “re”2nd P.P. (-) the “re”

Forming Present StemsForming Present Stems

Form the present stem for the following Form the present stem for the following verbs:verbs:

1.1. augeo, augēre, auxi, auctus – a, umaugeo, augēre, auxi, auctus – a, um

2.2. terreo, terrēre, terrui, territus – a, umterreo, terrēre, terrui, territus – a, um

3.3. doceo, docēre, docui, doctus – a, umdoceo, docēre, docui, doctus – a, um

4.4. habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, umhabeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um

5.5. debeo, debēre, debui, debitus – a, umdebeo, debēre, debui, debitus – a, um

6.6. moveo, movēre, movi, motus – a, ummoveo, movēre, movi, motus – a, um

Second Conjugation VerbsSecond Conjugation VerbsFormation of Present StemFormation of Present Stem

The only difference is that this The only difference is that this stem ends in an “stem ends in an “ee” instead of an ” instead of an ““aa””

amāre amāre am amāā habēre habēre hab habēē augēre augēre aug augēē vidēre vidēre vid vidēē

Second Conjugation Second Conjugation VerbsVerbs

Likewise, the formulae for Likewise, the formulae for conjugating 2conjugating 2ndnd conjugation verbs in conjugation verbs in the present system are identical to the present system are identical to those of the 1those of the 1stst conjugation conjugation

Present:Present: Pres. Stem + Pers. EndingPres. Stem + Pers. Ending Imperfect:Imperfect: Pres. Stem + ba + P.E.Pres. Stem + ba + P.E. Future:Future: Pres. Stem +bo/bi/bu + Pres. Stem +bo/bi/bu +

P.E.P.E.

Second Conjugation Verbs:Second Conjugation Verbs:Present TensePresent Tense

habeo, habērehabeo, habēre Stem = habēStem = habē Pres Stem + P.E.Pres Stem + P.E.

habehabeoohabehabemusmus

habehabess habehabetistis

habehabetthabehabentnt

I am holdingI am holding you are holdingyou are holding he is holdinghe is holding we are holdingwe are holding y’all are holdingy’all are holding they are holdingthey are holding

Second Conjugation Verbs:Second Conjugation Verbs:Imperfect TenseImperfect Tense

Habeo, habēreHabeo, habēre Stem = habēStem = habē Pres Stem + ba + Pres Stem + ba +

P.E.P.E.

habehabebabamm habehabebabamusmus

habehabebabass habehabebabatistishabehabebabatt habehabebabantnt

I was holdingI was holding you were holdingyou were holding he was holdinghe was holding we were holdingwe were holding y’all were y’all were

holdingholding they were they were

holdingholding

Second Conjugation Verbs:Second Conjugation Verbs:Future TenseFuture Tense

habeo, habērehabeo, habēre Stem = habēStem = habē Pres Stem + Pres Stem +

bo/bi/bu + Personal bo/bi/bu + Personal EndingsEndings

habehabebobo habehabebibimusmushabehabebibiss habehabebibitistishabehabebibitt habehabebubuntnt

I shall holdI shall hold you will holdyou will hold he will holdhe will hold we shall holdwe shall hold y’all will holdy’all will hold they will holdthey will hold

Second Conjugation Verbs:Second Conjugation Verbs:Present ImperativePresent Imperative

Present Imperative is also formed Present Imperative is also formed exactly like 1exactly like 1stst conjugation verbs conjugation verbs Singular Imperative:Singular Imperative: Present StemPresent Stem Plural Imperative:Plural Imperative: Present Stem + tePresent Stem + te

habeo, habērehabeo, habēre habehabe: hold!: hold! habetehabete: hold!: hold!

moveo, movēremoveo, movēre movemove: move!: move! movetemovete: :

move!move!

Second Conjugation Second Conjugation VerbsVerbs

The Moral of the Story:The Moral of the Story: Apply the same rules for 1Apply the same rules for 1stst

conjugation verbs to 2conjugation verbs to 2ndnd conjugation conjugation verbsverbs

The only difference is in the vowel The only difference is in the vowel in the present stemin the present stem 11stst conjugation has -ā: conjugation has -ā: amā-amā- 22ndnd conjugation has -ē: conjugation has -ē: habē-habē-