PROJECT WORK ON COMPUTER

PRESENTED BY-PRATYUSH THAKUR

ROLL NO – 22VI - B

SOME FACTS ABOUT THE

COMPUTER

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

COMPUTERS HAVE COME A LONG WAY SINCE BRITISH MATHEMATICIAN CHARLES BABBAGE (1791-1871) INVENTED HIS DIFFERENCE ENGINE NO- 2. THEY WERE SO BIG THAT THEY COULD FIT IN ONE ROOM. BY COMPARISON SOME OF THE LATEST PC’S ARE LESS THAN 3 CM THICK AND WEIGH AROUND 2.54 KG.

MINIATURISATION OF COMPUTERS

EARLY COMPUTERS WERE KNOWN AS EARLY COMPUTERS WERE KNOWN AS MAINFRAMES, AND WERE SO BIG THAT MAINFRAMES, AND WERE SO BIG THAT THEY FILLED ENTIRE ROOMS. THE FIRST THEY FILLED ENTIRE ROOMS. THE FIRST DIGITAL COMPUTERS WERE USED DURING DIGITAL COMPUTERS WERE USED DURING THE WORLD WAR-2. LATER IN THE 1950’S THE WORLD WAR-2. LATER IN THE 1950’S COMPUTERS WERE SMALLER, BUT IT COMPUTERS WERE SMALLER, BUT IT WASN’T UNTIL 70’S AND 80’S THAT WASN’T UNTIL 70’S AND 80’S THAT COMPUTERS COULD FIT INTO DESKSAND COMPUTERS COULD FIT INTO DESKSAND WERE CHEAP ENOUGHTO BUY. NOW WITH WERE CHEAP ENOUGHTO BUY. NOW WITH THE HELP OF MINIATURISATION THE THE HELP OF MINIATURISATION THE COMPUTERS ARE SMALLER.COMPUTERS ARE SMALLER.

CLASSIFICATIOCLASSIFICATION OF N OF COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER

COMPUTER CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO :1. MICRO COMPUTERS / PC’S2. MINI COMPUTERS3. MAINFRAME COMPUTERS4. SUPER COMPUTERS

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS IS BASED ON THE INTERNAL

MEMORY AND THE SPEED OF PROCESSING.

WHAT IS A COMPUTER ?

COMPUTER IS A PROCESSOR OF INFORMATION.IT IS A FAST AND ACCURATE ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT ACCEPTS INPUT, STORES AND PROCESSES INFORMATION TO PRODUCE THE REQUIRED OUTPUT.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERCOMPUTER

* ACCURACY:ACCURACY:

COMPUTERS ARE VERY COMPUTERS ARE VERY ACCURATE . IT NEVER ACCURATE . IT NEVER RESULTS IN ANY RESULTS IN ANY KINDS OF ERRORS IN KINDS OF ERRORS IN THE CALCULATIONSTHE CALCULATIONS

* TIRELESS:TIRELESS: SINCE SINCE COMPUTER GETS COMPUTER GETS POWER CONTINUOSLY POWER CONTINUOSLY IT NEVE GETS TIRED.IT NEVE GETS TIRED.

* SPEED:SPEED:COMPUTER WORKS COMPUTER WORKS VERY FAST . IT CAN VERY FAST . IT CAN PERFORM PERFORM THOUSANDS OF THOUSANDS OF CALCULATION CALCULATION WITHIN SECONDSWITHIN SECONDS

SOME SOME FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS1.1. INPUT DEVICE : ACCEPTS DATA INPUT DEVICE : ACCEPTS DATA

GIVEN BY USER.GIVEN BY USER.

2.2. PROCESSING : PROCESSES THE PROCESSING : PROCESSES THE DATA ACCORDING TO THE GIVEN DATA ACCORDING TO THE GIVEN INSTRUCTIONS.INSTRUCTIONS.

3.3. OUTPUT : PRODUCES RESULT.OUTPUT : PRODUCES RESULT.

4.4. STORAGE : STORES THE RESULT.STORAGE : STORES THE RESULT.

5.5. THE PHYSICAL PARTS THAT WE CAN THE PHYSICAL PARTS THAT WE CAN TOUCH ARE CALLED HARDWARE.TOUCH ARE CALLED HARDWARE.

INTERNETINTERNETGOOGLEGOOGLE

GOOGLE IS THE MOST USED GOOGLE IS THE MOST USED INTERNET SEARCH ENGINE INTERNET SEARCH ENGINE IN THE WORLD. SINCE 1998 IN THE WORLD. SINCE 1998 IT HAS INDEXED MORE THAN IT HAS INDEXED MORE THAN 12 BILLION WEB PAGES, 12 BILLION WEB PAGES, IMAGES AND OTHER ITEMS IMAGES AND OTHER ITEMS ETC.ETC.

MAIN PARTS OF

COMPUTER

*THE MAIN PARTS OF THE COMPUTER ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT FOR A COMPUTER TO START OTHERS WHICH ARE NOT IMPORTANT ARE CALLED OTHER PARTS OF THE COMPUTER.

KEYBOARDTHE KEYBOARD IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED DEVICE. A KEYBOARD HAS A MINIMUM OF 104 KEYS.

MONITOR

MONITOR IS USED TO DISPLAY TEXT GRAPHIC IMAGES ETC.

IT IS SIMILAR TO A TV SCREEN.

MOUSEMOUSE IS A POINTING DEVICE .IT HAS TWO OR THREE BUTTONS ON THE TOP.ALWAYS USE THE MOUSE PAD TO KEEP AWAY THE DUST ROLLING OVER THE MOUSE BALL

C.P.U

• A CPU IS USED FOR INSERTING CD’S AND FLOPPY’S

• IT IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF A COMPUTER.

U.P.S

ö A UPS SUPPLIES POWER TO THE COMPUTER . WITHOUT IT THE COMPUTER WOULD NOT START.

AND NOW THE OTHER PARTS OF THE

COMPUTER

OTHER PARTS OF THE COMPUTER

JOYSTICK* IT IS A DEVICE

WHICH STANDS ON THE DESK AND GRABBED HOLD OF BY HAND.

* IT IS PRIMARILY USED FOR PLAYING GAMES

MICROPHONE• A MICROPHONE

IS USED TO INPUT SOUND TO THE COMPUTER SYSTEM.

• IT IS ALSO USED FOR MUSIC

PLOTTER•THE PLOTTER IS USED TO ATTAIN THE COMPLEX DRAWINGS,PIE CHARTS ETC. ON PAPER.

SCANNER0 SCANNER IS

AN INPUT DEVICE THAT TRANSFERS THE TEXT OR THE PICTURES FROM A PAPER TO A COMPUTER SYSTEM

PRINTER• A PRINTER SERVES AS A MEDIUM TO TAKE

OUTPUT ON PAPER .• PRINTER CAN PRINT AT A VERY HIGH

SPEED

SPEAKERSSPEAKERS OUTPUT SOUND FROM THEM.SOME COMPUTERS HAVE INBUILT SPEAKERS

INPUT DEVICES

KEYBOARDKEYBOARD IS A COMMONLY USED DEVICEIT IS USED FOR TYPING WORDS, NUMBERS,SPECIAL CHARACTERS INTO THE COMPUTER

MOUSEMOUSE IS USED TO GIVE GRAPHICAL INPUT.IT IS A DEVICE THAT CONTROLS THE POINTER ON THE MONITOR

JOYSTICKMOVING THE JOYSTICK IN ANY DIRECTION MAKES THE POINTER MOVE IN THE SAME WAYIT IS COMMONLY USED TO PLAY GAMES.

MICROPHONEA MICROPHONE INPUTS SOUND TO THE COMPUTER. IT IS USED FOR HEARING WITHOUT SPEAKERS.IT IS ALSO USED IN CALL CENTRES.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF SCANNERS FLAT BED HAND HELD

MONITOR• A MONITOR IS THE MOST COMMONLY

USED OUTPUT DEVICES.

• THE COLOURED MONITOR SHOWS TEXT AND PICTURES IN VARIOUS COLOURS.

PRINTERA PRINTER IS CONNECTED TO THE COMPUTER WITH A CABLE.

A PRINTED DOCUMENT IS REFFERED TO AS A HARD COPY

PLOTTER• A PLOTTER IS AN

OUTPUT DEVICE DESIGNED TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY GRAPHICS IN A VARIETY OF COLOURS.

SPEAKERSSPEAKERSSPEAKERS ARE SPEAKERS ARE USED FOR USED FOR SOUND SOUND OUTPUT AS OUTPUT AS FOR A GAME FOR A GAME

THEY ARE THEY ARE USED TO USED TO LISTEN SONGS LISTEN SONGS ETC.ETC.

DEVICES DEVICES USED IN USED IN

COMPUTERCOMPUTER

CD’S WE CAN RECORD

DATA , DOCUMENT , VIDEO’S ETC. IN A CD . THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF CD’S LIKE RECORDABLE , REWRITABLE. MOSERBAER AND SONY ARE SOME OF THE LEADING CD MAKERS

WEB CAMo A WEB CAM IS A WEB CAM IS

USED FOR USED FOR CHATTING ON CHATTING ON THE INTERNET . THE INTERNET . IT PROVIDES IT PROVIDES THE PICTURE THE PICTURE OF THE OF THE PERSON WITH PERSON WITH WHOM WE ARE WHOM WE ARE CHATTINGCHATTING

PENDRIVEWE CAN USE

PENDRIVE FOR STORING DATA AND OTHER ITEMS. THERE ARE PENDRIVES OF MANY STORAGE SIZES LIKE 1GB,2GB,3GB,4GB ETC.

DVD‘S• DVD’S ARE LIKE DVD’S ARE LIKE

CD’S BUT A CD CD’S BUT A CD CAN CONTAIN CAN CONTAIN ONLY ONE FILM ONLY ONE FILM AND A DVD CAN AND A DVD CAN CONTAIN 5-7 CONTAIN 5-7 FILMS. THE FILMS. THE FULLFORM OF DVD FULLFORM OF DVD IS “DIGITAL VIDEO IS “DIGITAL VIDEO DISPLAY”.DISPLAY”.

FLOPPY•A FLOPPY IS A FLOPPY IS USED TO USED TO STORE DATA STORE DATA ,GAMES ,GAMES MOVIES AND MOVIES AND MANY MORE MANY MORE THINGS . THINGS .

FULL FULL FORMSFORMS

o CPU :- CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITCPU :- CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITo ALU :- ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNITALU :- ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNITo RAM :- RANDOM ACESS MEMORYRAM :- RANDOM ACESS MEMORYo ROM :- READ ONLY MEMORYROM :- READ ONLY MEMORYo CU :- CONTROL UNITCU :- CONTROL UNITo PC :- PERSONAL COMPUTERPC :- PERSONAL COMPUTERo MU :- MEMORY UNITMU :- MEMORY UNITo VDU :- VISUAL DISPLAY UNITVDU :- VISUAL DISPLAY UNITo W W W :- WORLD WIDE WEBW W W :- WORLD WIDE WEB

MB :- MEGA BYTEMB :- MEGA BYTE

KB :- KILO BYTEKB :- KILO BYTE

GB :- GIGA BYTEGB :- GIGA BYTE

CD :- COMPACT DISCCD :- COMPACT DISC

DVD :- DIGITAL VIDEO DISPLAYDVD :- DIGITAL VIDEO DISPLAY

MS :- MICROSOFTMS :- MICROSOFT

GUI :- GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACEGUI :- GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

CUI :- COMMAND USER INTERFACECUI :- COMMAND USER INTERFACE

DOS :- DISK OPERATING SYSTEMDOS :- DISK OPERATING SYSTEM

UPS :- UNINTERRUPTED POWER UPS :- UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLYSUPPLY

THERE IS A GREAT USE OF

COMPUTERS IN THE ADVANCED

WORLD HERE WE HAVE LISTED A

FEW USES-

THE ARMYTHE ARMY

ö THE ARMY USES THE ARMY USES THE COMPUTERS THE COMPUTERS FOR MANNING FOR MANNING THE UNMANNED THE UNMANNED MISSILES AND MISSILES AND TRACKING THE TRACKING THE ENEMY MISSILESENEMY MISSILES

SPACE TRAVELSPACE TRAVEL

THE SPACE THE SPACE TRAVEL USES THE TRAVEL USES THE COMPUTERS FOR COMPUTERS FOR TRACKING THE TRACKING THE JOURNEY OF THE JOURNEY OF THE SPACECRAFT.SPACECRAFT.

MEDICINEMEDICINE

THE DOCTORS THE DOCTORS USE THE USE THE COMPUTERS FOR COMPUTERS FOR EXAMINING THE EXAMINING THE PATIENT ‘S DNA , PATIENT ‘S DNA , X-RAYS ETC.X-RAYS ETC.

COMMON MANCOMMON MAN

• THE USE OF THE USE OF COMPUTER FOR COMPUTER FOR COMMON MAN COMMON MAN VARIES FROM VARIES FROM DOING DOING CALCULATION CALCULATION OR PLAYING OR PLAYING GAMES.GAMES.

BANKSBANKSTHE BANKS USE

THE COMPUTERS FOR MAINTAINING THE RECORD OF CUSTOMERS AND EMPLOYEES

FARMING

• COMPUTERS HAVE COMPUTERS HAVE STIMULATED THE STIMULATED THE GROWTH OF CROPS IN GROWTH OF CROPS IN OUR FIELDS. OUR FIELDS. DIFFERENT DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS FOR EXPERIMENTS FOR THE BETTER YIELD OF THE BETTER YIELD OF CROPS ARE CROPS ARE PERFORMED ON THE PERFORMED ON THE COMPUTERS WHICH COMPUTERS WHICH GIVES THE RESULT IN GIVES THE RESULT IN SECONDS.SECONDS.

PREDICTING WEATHERPREDICTING WEATHER

• COMPUTERS ARE WIDELY USED IN COMPUTERS ARE WIDELY USED IN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT FOR METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT FOR WEATHER FORECASTS.WEATHER FORECASTS.

• COMPUTERS ARE EVEN USED IN COMPUTERS ARE EVEN USED IN FUTURE FORECAST, IN FUTURE FORECAST, IN MATCHMAKING AND IT CAN ALSO MATCHMAKING AND IT CAN ALSO TELL OUR HOROSCOPETELL OUR HOROSCOPE

ELECTION• COMPUTERISED

VOTING IN ELECTIONS NOT ONLY REDUCES THE COST BUT ALSO SPEEDS UP THE PROCESS OF COUNTING THE VOTES

ZOO’SZOO’STHE ZOOS USE THE ZOOS USE

THE COMPUTER THE COMPUTER FOR FOR MAINTANING A MAINTANING A RECORD OF THE RECORD OF THE ANIMALSANIMALS

SCHOOLS

• THE COMPUTERS ARE USED BY THE SCHOOLS FOR PREPARING RESULTS AND RELEASING THEM ONLINE.

BUISNESS HUBSTHE BUSINESS HUBS USE COMPUTERS FOR MANTANING RECORDTHEY ALSO USE COMPUTER S FOR MAKING BILLS

END SHOW