Community Ecology: Structure, Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability

Community Ecology: Structure, Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability

G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment

13th Edition

Chapter 8

G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment

13th Edition

Chapter 8

Dr. Richard ClementsChattanooga State Technical Community CollegeDr. Richard ClementsChattanooga State Technical Community College

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

Community structureCommunity structure

Roles of speciesRoles of species

Species interactionsSpecies interactions

Changes in ecosystemsChanges in ecosystems

Stability of ecosystemsStability of ecosystems

Community Structure: Appearance and Species DiversityCommunity Structure: Appearance and Species Diversity

Stratification

Species diversity

Species richness

Niche structure

Edge effects

Fig. 8-2p. 166

BiodiversityBiodiversity

LatitudeLatitude

DepthDepth

PollutionPollution

Theory of island biogeographyTheory of island biogeography

Fig. 8-3 p. 167Fig. 8-3 p. 167

Ants Birds

General Types of SpeciesGeneral Types of Species

NativeNative

Non-native (exotic or alien)Non-native (exotic or alien)

IndicatorIndicator

KeystoneKeystone

Species Interactions: CompetitionSpecies Interactions: Competition

Intraspecific competitionIntraspecific competition

Interspecific competitionInterspecific competition

Interference competitionInterference competition

Exploitation competitionExploitation competition

Competitive exclusion principleCompetitive exclusion principle

Resource partitioningResource partitioning

Resource PartitioningResource Partitioning

Fig. 8-9 p. 175; Refer to Fig. 7-13 p. 152 & Fig. 8-10 p. 175Fig. 8-9 p. 175; Refer to Fig. 7-13 p. 152 & Fig. 8-10 p. 175

Species Interactions: PredationSpecies Interactions: Predation

PredatorPredator

PreyPrey

Prey acquisitionPrey acquisition

Predator AvoidancePredator AvoidanceRefer to Fig. 8-11 p. 177Refer to Fig. 8-11 p. 177

Symbiotic Species Interactions: Parasitism Symbiotic Species Interactions: Parasitism

ParasiteParasite

HostHost

EndoparasitesEndoparasites

EctoparasitesEctoparasites

Symbiotic Species Interactions: MutualismSymbiotic Species Interactions: Mutualism

Reproductive mutualism: pollinationReproductive mutualism: pollination

Nutritional mutualism Nutritional mutualism

Nutritional/protection mutualismNutritional/protection mutualism

Fig. 8-12 p. 179Fig. 8-12 p. 179

Symbiotic Species Interactions: CommensalismSymbiotic Species Interactions: Commensalism

Indirect: i.e., small plants growing in shade of larger plants

Indirect: i.e., small plants growing in shade of larger plants

Direct: i.e., epiphytes, remoras

Direct: i.e., epiphytes, remoras

Fig. 8-13 p. 180Fig. 8-13 p. 180

Ecological Succession: Communities in TransitionEcological Succession: Communities in Transition

Primary successionPrimary succession

Secondary successionSecondary succession

Pioneer speciesPioneer species

Successional speciesSuccessional species

Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession

Fig. 8-14 p. 180

Secondary SuccessionSecondary Succession

Fig. 8-15 p. 181

Succession and WildlifeSuccession and Wildlife

Fig. 8-16 p. 182Fig. 8-16 p. 182

The Rate of SuccessionThe Rate of Succession

Refer to Table 8-1 p. 182Refer to Table 8-1 p. 182

FacilitationFacilitation

InhibitionInhibition

ToleranceTolerance

Ecological Stability and SustainabilityEcological Stability and Sustainability

Refer to Table 8-2 p. 193Refer to Table 8-2 p. 193

DisturbanceDisturbance

Climax communityClimax community

InertiaInertia

ConstancyConstancy

ResilienceResilience

Precautionary principlePrecautionary principle