Colonial Colonial AmericaAmerica

SpanishSpanish

FrenchFrench

EnglishEnglish

DutchDutch

WHY DID EUROPEAN WHY DID EUROPEAN COUNTRIES EXPLORE?COUNTRIES EXPLORE?

• Land=Empire=Power• Gold=Money=Power• New markets and

materials=Money=Power• Political, Economical

WHY DID PEOPLE WANT TO WHY DID PEOPLE WANT TO EXPLORE?EXPLORE?

• Gold-they could get rich• Glory-they would become famous• Religion-they wanted to spread their

beliefs (Protestant vs. Catholic)• Spices-they wanted their food to

taste better

Exploration, Exploration, Discovery and Discovery and

SettlementSettlement1492-17001492-1700

North American CulturesNorth American Cultures• Population: Estimated 10 million

Native Americans• Small Settlements: 300 people• Men: hunt, fished, made tools• Women: Grow crops• Others were Nomadic: Great Plains

North American CulturesNorth American Cultures• Few large Societies• Pueblos: Southwest• Mississippian: Mississippi River• Iroquois: Great Lakes

European and Native European and Native American interactionsAmerican interactions

• Hippocampus: Video Exchanges

Spanish Empire Spanish Empire

SPAINSPAIN• First country to explore• Conquered the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas• Interested in Raw Materials and Missionary

Work• Settled in Mexico, Central and South

America• Explored North America• First permanent settlement-St. Augustine,

FL (1565)

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus

The French Empire The French Empire

Jacques CartierJacques Cartier

Saint Lawrence River Saint Lawrence River

FranceFrance• Settled in Canada: St Lawrence River• Interested in the Fur Trade• Samuel De Champlain: Quebec• Joliet and Marquette:Mississippi River

The Fur Trade The Fur Trade • Clothing made from deer, beaver and other animals

became fashionable in the 1600’s • Problem: Animals were hunted until near extinction.• Solution: New France. Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley.

HUGE SUPPLY • Fur Trade determined the shape of New France.

Dutch EmpireDutch Empire

Dutch EmpireDutch Empire• Henry Hudson: Explored Hudson

River New York.

British Empire: The sun never British Empire: The sun never sets on the British Empire sets on the British Empire

British Empire in North America British Empire in North America

ENGLANDENGLAND• Explored only in North America• Interested in settlement• After defeat of the Spanish Armada-

become most powerful country in Europe

Why North AmericaWhy North America• 1. Base to attack Spanish ships. Gold • 2. New Markets: Economy was depressed• 3. England was becoming too crowded. • 4. Find a Northwest Passage to Asia

English ColoniesEnglish Colonies• Roanoke: The Lost Colony• Jamestown: Virginia • Puritan Colonies: • 1.Plymouth Colonies: Pilgrims • 2.Massachusetts Bay Colony:

Puritans

How did the spread of English How did the spread of English settlements affect Native Americans?settlements affect Native Americans?

• It was a threat to their way of life. • Examples:• 1. Religion• 2. Land rights• 3. Food• 4. Disease

Roanoke: The Lost ColonyRoanoke: The Lost Colony

Roanoke Island Roanoke Island • Located at the outer banks of North Carolina. • First attempt at settlement in North America. • It failed: No one knows what happened to the

remaining settlers. • “Croatoan” carved into a tree was the only sign

left by the settlers.

““Croatoan”Croatoan”

What probably happenedWhat probably happened• The principal hypothesis is that they

dispersed and were absorbed by either the local Croatan or Hatteras Indians

Jamestown Jamestown ColonyColony

16071607

JamestownJamestown

JamestownJamestown• Virginia Company: 1607 • Hardships: Indian attacks, famine

and disease (swampy area)• Search for gold instead of working. • Economic Survival: Tobacco

introduced by John Rolfe (Pocahontas)

Tobacco and Labor forceTobacco and Labor force• A need for labor brought over indentured

servants. • Agreed to become a servant for 7 years in return

for a paid trip across the Atlantic. • 100,000 people came to America as indentured

servants. • 20 Africans arrived in 1619 • Both Slaves and Indentured Servants could be

lashed if they tried to runaway.

Life in VirginiaLife in Virginia• Most villages were by rivers or

steams. • Farming of large fields or plantations. • Religion was not strictly practiced.• Hunting, Fishing, Farming. • Not everyone had slaves.

Governing the ColonyGoverning the Colony• House of

Burgesses: • Representatives from

the colony• First instance of

limited self government in the English colonies.

•

Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion • Led farmers against Native

Americans for farm land. • Turned on the Governor of

Virginia for not protecting colonists/farmers against large planters.

• Burned down Jamestown.• Problem: exposed sharp

contrast between poor and wealthy.

Jamestown Adventure Jamestown Adventure • http://www.historyglobe.com/

jamestown/

Hippocampus Hippocampus

Puritan Puritan Colonies Colonies Plymouth and Plymouth and

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay colonycolony

Puritan ColoniesPuritan Colonies• Two colonies founded by religious

motivation (purify their church from Catholic influence).

• 1. Plymouth: • 2. Massachusetts Bay Colony• Both founded on John Calvin’s

protestant teachings.

1. Plymouth Colony 1. Plymouth Colony

Pilgrims Pilgrims • Separatist group that left England for

Virginia aboard the Mayflower and Speedwell.

Pilgrim Dress Pilgrim Dress

Mayflower IIMayflower II

PilgrimsPilgrims• Mayflower

Compact: Agreement to obey all of the governments laws.

• Provided self government.

Early Difficulties Early Difficulties • Landed in the winter.• Little food• No Housing • Over 100 die

Native AmericansNative Americans• Squanto: showed the colonists how

to plant corn.• Thanksgiving: Feast in 1621.

Hippocampus Hippocampus

2. Massachusetts Bay 2. Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay CompanyCompany

• Royal Charter: 1629• Leader: John Winthrop • Looking for religious freedom

Puritans(not separatists) Puritans(not separatists) • Disliked the Church of England• Reform Protestant Church from within. • Liked to:• 1. study the Bible• 2. listen to sermons• 3. examine their lives and world for clues to Gods

will.

Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials• Several young girls

claimed that the devil had taken control of them.

• 19 men and women executed.

Hippocampus Hippocampus

European Treatment of European Treatment of Native AmericansNative Americans

• Spanish: Conquer, rule and intermarry.

• English: occupied land and forced Native Americans inland.

• French: economic and military allies. • All nationalities viewed Native

Americans as inferiors who could be exploited.

The Thirteen The Thirteen Colonies and Colonies and The British The British

EmpireEmpire1607-17501607-1750

IntroIntro• Between 1607 Virginia and 1733

Georgia 13 distinctly different English colonies developed along the coast.

• Each colony had a tradition of independence and representative government.

Types of ChartersTypes of Charters• A document granting special

privileges from the English King.• 1. Corporate: joint stock company• 2. Royal: under direct rule of the

king. • 3. Proprietary: under rule of an

individual who has ownership.

13 Colonies13 Colonies

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies• 1. Massachusetts• 2. Rhode Island• 3. Connecticut• 4. New Hampshire

Development of New Development of New England Colonies England Colonies

• Strong religious convictions helped the Puritans establish both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony.

• They were intolerant to anyone who questioned their religion.

• Result: Banishment from the colony

Descents from the Massachusetts Bay Descents from the Massachusetts Bay Puritan Community Puritan Community

• Roger Williams: Providence Rhode Island

• Anne Hutchinson: Portsmouth Rhode Island.

• Thomas Hooker: Connecticut • John Wheelwright: New Hampshire

King Philips WarKing Philips War• Conflict between Native Americans

and New England colonists that resulted in the killing of thousands.

• Result: New England colonists won, ending Native American resistance.

The Middle The Middle Colonies Colonies

New York, Delaware, New New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Jersey, Pennsylvania

Middle Colonies Middle Colonies

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies• New York: 1664 Duke of York takes control

of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam and renames it New York.

• New Jersey: Duke of York turns New Jersey over to two friends. In 1702 the King of England joins both East and West Jersey.

Middle Colonies Middle Colonies • Pennsylvania: William Penn was

granted the land by the King. “Holy Experiment” place to practice his Quaker beliefs: non-violent, tolerance of others.

• Delaware: Penn granted land to three counties to run independently.

Southern Southern ColoniesColonies

Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Georgia Carolina, Georgia

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies • Maryland: Roman Catholic, Tobacco • Virginia: Tobacco• Carolinas: Split into North and South in 1712• South Carolina: Large rice plantations, need for

slave labor. • North Carolina: Small tobacco farms. Less slavery • Georgia: made up of criminals from England’s

overpopulated jails. Buffer State.

Colonial Colonial Lifestyles and Lifestyles and

societysociety

Colonial Family Colonial Family • Economic and Social center of

colonial life. • Men: landowners, voter, unlimited

power in the house. • Women: raised the family (8kids av),

educated them, worked by husband, had little legal or political rights.

Colonial SocietyColonial Society• The English language and English

traditions were dominant. • Voters played an active role in

government• A degree of religious toleration could

be found in each colony. • It was possible for individuals to

better themselves.

EconomyEconomy• New England: small farms, logging,

shipbuilding, fishing, rum distilling. • Middle: farming (wheat and corn),

iron making, trading• South: farming, rice, indigo, timber.

Mercantilism and the Mercantilism and the Empire Empire

• A country should get as much gold and silver as possible. • Money=Power• England: Parent Country• 13 Colonies: Child • Colonies would harvest raw materials, send it back to

England. • England would sell the finished product back to the

Colonies for a profit. • Good? Bad?

Education in the Colonies Education in the Colonies • New England Law: towns with more

than 50 people were required to establish a school. Tax funded

• Middle: church sponsored or private. • Southern: Tutors provide education

on the plantations. • Higher Education: Harvard 1636.

First college.

Colonial ProfessionsColonial Professions• Ministers: had widespread respect. • Physicians: had no formal training. • Lawyers: A bar or board was

established to train lawyers.

The institution The institution of slaveryof slavery

Increased demand for Increased demand for slavesslaves

• Why?• 1. Decrease in the immigration rate

from England. • 2. Dependable work force.

Remember Bacon’s Rebellion.• 3. Cheap labor

Slave LawsSlave Laws• 1641 Massachusetts: Africans would

be held in bondage for life. • 1661 Virginia: Children automatically

inherit their mothers slave status. • Results: Africans are viewed as social

inferiors (racism).

Triangle of Trade Triangle of Trade

Triangle of TradeTriangle of Trade• New England: Trade rum for slaves. • Africa: Slaves taken to West Indies

(middle passage) for sugar. • West Indies: Sugar taken back to

New England to make rum.

Middle Passage Middle Passage • A slaves journey across the Atlantic

ocean. • It was the leg between Africa and the

West Indies.

Middle Passage Middle Passage http://www.melfisher.org/exhibitions/

henriettamarie/middlepassage.htm

Video: Middle PassageVideo: Middle Passage• http://

streaming.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm

Great Awakening Great Awakening • Preacher: Jonathan Edwards• God was angry with human

sinfulness. Express penitence and you could be saved or eternal damnation.

• Revival designed to renew religious enthusiasm and political independence.

Great Awakening Great Awakening • Political influence: make your own

religious decisions without relying on a minister.

• This was the first time the colonists shared a common experience.