Colibacillosis

F5+ group of E.coliPili serogroups K99, K88, F41, 987P, F18. ST and LT enterotoxinsInadequate colostrumSow agalactiaViruses, coccidia

Clinical signs colibacillosisNursing attempts by littermatesDiarrhea- non odorous, non bloodyShivering, coldPiling upDehydrationDifferentiate:

Septicemia Clostridium perfringens type C Coccidiosis Edema disease

Treatment of colibacillosis

Intraperitoneal glucose, fluidsOral gentamicin, neomycinProvide supplemental food

Feeding neonates 10 to 30% of body weight Gavage Mix whole milk with evaporated milk or cream Supplemental solid starter with plasma PROVIDE WATER

Alkaline stool pH (>7.4)

Prevention of colibacillosisCount teats/piglets-cross fosterCull sows with MMA, check sow dietsDietary changesVaccinate

Commercial vaccines Autogenous bacterins Autocthonous vaccination

Warmth, hygeineDelay iron injections

Swine edema disease

Sudden death or CNS signs in weaned pigletsFastest growing pigsSporadic, and then endemic; 5 to 45%

morbidityEtiology - enteric toxemic E. coliBacterium survives in moist crevices, water

nipplesHigh soy protein diet

Swine edema disease

E. coli F18+ secretes verotoxin VT2eAttaches to enterocyte receptorsEnterocyte receptors unexpressed in

sucklersToxin absorbed produces edema 5 to 45% case attack rateBacteria survive disinfection

Edema disease SignsPeracute form

Found Dead Swelling around eyes

Acute form Squealing Circling or pivoting Convulsions Normothermic Facial and subcutaneous edema Diarrhea

Management of Edema Disease 100% mortality- Treatment in ineffective Susceptibility of E. coli needed Food additive- Tetracycline, Spectinomycin, Mecadox Increase food fiber, decrease soy protein 20% oats in feed Autogenous bacterin Water based modified live vaccine Purchase F18+ resistant pigs Fumigate, or disinfect with Quaternary ammonium,

Clorox in waterers

Transmissible Gastroenteritis(TGE)Acute epizootic disease of swine.Sows - acute fever, vomition, anorexia and

agalactia, recovery in 4 to 5 daysPiglets - Severe intractable diarrhea,

dehydration. Acidic stool pH~100% death losses in piglets; 0% losses in

sows

TGE FactsEtiology = Corona virus 1 gene different from the respiratory corona

virus of swineLabile at 72 C, stable at freezingWell managed herdsClinical course = 2 to 3 daysSows shed virus in milk for up to 2 weeks Infection becomes sporadic after initial

outbreak

More on TGEVillus denuded, and lactose unabsorbedOsmotic diarrhea, shortened intestinal villiImmunity due to lactogenic IgAVaccines stimulate IgGBirds, mice, rats, dogs, cats, veterinarians

feed trucks can transmitEliminate with test and eradicate, all in all

out, MEW or SPF pig facility.

TGE Lesions

Normal

• TGE

TGE

Coccidiosis Patency early in

swine (1 to 3 weeks) Isospora suis 4 to 5 day life cycle in

pigs. Oocysts infective by 12 hours in summer

20% mortality, sporadic infections

Check all diarrheas with a fecal flotation

Amprolium treatmentFarrowing crate sanitation critical

Students:

How would you differentiate:Colibacillosis from coccidiosis?Colibacillosis from edema disease?Edema disease from coccidiosis?Edema disease from Clostridium

perfringens type C?

Clostridium perfringens type C

Sharp demarcation

Acute diarrhea and death< 1week of age 5 to 20% morbidity

Infection from dam shortly after birthJejunal proliferation Intestinal necrosisFibrinous bloody diarrheaPeracute death (100%)PeritonitisMass medicate with lincomicin or tiamulinVaccinate sows; antiserum to piglets

good

bad

ugly

Ascaris suum (roundworm) Thick shelled egg long lived in

soil Development and 1 molt L2 in

egg Ingested (native or worm) molts

in small intestine Burrows goes to liver and molts

L3 Migrates to lungs (4 to 6 dy),

coughed Swallowed, molts 2 x to adults

Sowschwitz

Normal pig

Milk spots Hepatic fibrosis

Lung lesions

Adult Ascarids

Clinical signs ascarids

UnthriftyCoughThumpsAscitesClay colored stoolWorms in stool or vomitusColic, obstipation, Jaundice

Diagnosis and treatment of ascariasis

Fecal egg count (>500 epg)NecropsyTreat L2’s with pyrantelL3’s in liver with fenbendazoleL3’s in lung with FBZ or thiabendazoleL4’s in intestine with ivomec, pyrantel,

fenbendazole, dichlorvosAdults with any of the above plus piperazine

Prevention ascarids

Worm and shampoo sows prior to farrowing

Wean piglets at 3 weeks of ageBanminthClean pens and pastures Q3 weeksRotate pastures Q 3 weeks

Trichuris suis

Extremely commonPastured pigs21 day scours (Post pasturing), non patent

infections, cramping, bloody scoursMostly asymptomaticDirect life cycleAtgard, fenbendazoleRaise pigs on concrete

Swine salmonellosisCommon among feeder pigsMixed source groups are particularly at risk3 types:

S. typhimurium type B -bloody scours, rectal strictures

S. choleraesuis type C1-bloody scours secondary to Hog Cholera

S. typhisuis type C2 -swine adapted granulomatous colitis and pneumonia

Clinical signs of swine salmonellosis

Fever, purplish lividityBloody scours Acute deathRectal stricturePyogranulomatous

colitis

Treatment/management salmonellosis

Treat with Ceftiofur or NuflorSegregate or euthanize affected pigs All in-All out, MEW, SPF, disinfect

premises with bleachAutogenous bacterinPot bellied pigs may be treated with

amikacin, timentin.

Lawsonia intracellularis

Common small intestinal disease (96% herds positive)

Swine, horses, late feeder periodSyn = Proliferative enteropathy, necrotic

enteritis, regional ileitis, proliferative ileitis, proliferative enteritis

Gram negative, obligate intracellular desulfovibrio family

Lawsonia infection Infection at 2-3 wks, prolonged shed, growers adults

affected, stress relatedClinical forms

“Johne’s like” form of chronic wasting, hypoalbuminemia, and loose stool

Acute fevers scours, with or without hematochezia. Mortality >10%.

Fever, anorexia and dark stool in adult swine

Pathologic lesion = thickened intestine; PCR test diagnostic

Treat with food tylosin or lincomycin

“Hosepipe gut”

Swine dysentery

Highly contagiousFeeders 6 to 8 weeks of age and adultsPrevalent in CaliforniaLarge bowel infection by Serpulina

(Brachyspira) hyodysenteriaeIntestinal anaerobes enhance disease

Swine dysenterySerpulina survives in manure 6 to 8 wks

@<30F, and for 1 to 2 hr >98F In dogs for months, birds, mice, and humansIn pigs for yearsClinical signs

Acute, fever, bloody scours Fibrinous casts Sepsis, purplish discoloration of the ears Exsanguination (15 to 50% mortality)

Diagnosis swine dysenteryCecal scrapings

darkfield - spiral shaped bacteria

Victoria Blue R stains of intestinal sections

Differentiate from Serpulina pilosocoli and S. innocens

6 Strains of S. hyos.Hemolysin and

enterotoxin

Pathologic lesions restricted to colon

Treatment of Swine Dysentery

TiamulinMecadoxLincomycinVirginiamycinNOT dimetridazoleInjection of lincocin for sick pigsDrug delayed-enhanced forms of disease

Control of swine dysentery

Rodent, dog, bird, cat, human control essential

Blitz treat (metaphylaxis) herd 30 daysShampoo pigs and disinfect with 0.5%

CloroxMove to new penFumigate or quaternary ammonium

disinfectants

Gastric ulcersPallor

Stool

Feeder pigs and boarsCause unknown“Coffee grounds” vomitusScant “road ashpalt” stoolPallor, and depressionCharacteristic blood loss

hemogram

Peach pitsSkewersSofa cushionTar paperChristmas wrappingDead babies

Intestinal Obstructions

Signs of obstructions

ColicLethargyObstipationVomitionAnorexiaTachycardia