Post on 15-Dec-2015
COLD WAR1970s
COLD WAR 1970sThe Cold War Begins to Thaw
Cold War 1970sDétente—increased cooperation and a
relaxation of tensions.
Two important events take place during this
decade: U.S. China Relations and
S.A.L.T.
Cold War 1970s U.S.-China Relations—
President Richard M. Nixon opens relations
With China after 22 years of mutual
isolation. What was the motivation to reach
out to communist China after all these
years?
Cold War 1970s
Time For Peace Nixon In China
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUmNCBf_5sk
Cold War Personality Profile“Looking at the two greatpowers, the UnitedStates and China…weCan find common ground, despite ourdifferences, to build aworld structure in whichboth can be safe todevelop in our own wayson our own roads.”
U.S. President Richard Nixon 1969-1973
Cold War 1970s
Mao and Nixon meeting in February 1972
Cold War 1970s
Nixon and Premier Zhou Enlai meeting in 1972
Cold War 1970s
Cold War 1970sThe U.S. opened relations with China fortwo reasons:
1) Nixon wanted to counterbalance the Soviet Union’s global power and
2) Nixon wanted Beijing’s help to end the Vietnam War
Cold War 1970s
Nixon in China from the BBC
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5V9sP_nDCM
Cold War 1970sS.A.L.T. What is S.A.L.T.?
S trategic It limited the two superpowers
A rms to 200 defensive nuclear
L imitations missiles and froze the
T alks number of intercontinental
ballistic missiles for five
years.
Cold War 1970s
Nixon and Brezhnev meeting on May 26, 1972
Instruct.westvalley.edu
Cold War 1970s S.A.L.T. I—May 22, 1972
S.A.L.T II—June 18, 1979 never ratified by
U.S. considering the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan
Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act
The Helsinki Final Act was an agreement
signed by 35 nations on August 1, 1975 that
concluded the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, held in Helsinki, Finland
http://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/Helsinki
Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act
Goals A variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”
First Basket
principles covering political and military issues, territorial Integrity, the
definition of borders, peaceful settlement of disputes and the
implementation of confidence building measures between opposing
militaries
Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act
Goals A variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”
Second Basket
Economic issues like trade and scientific cooperation
Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act
Goals A variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”
Third Basket
emphasized human rights, including freedom of emigration and
reunification of families divided by international borders, cultural
exchanges and freedom of the press
Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act
GoalsA variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”
Fourth Basket
Formalized the details for follow-up meetings and implementation
procedures
Cold War 1970s
Helsinki Final Acthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnMJq8qng1w
Cold War in CambodiaPol Pot’s Killing Fields
Cambodia
Cold War Personality Profile
Pol Pot
Saloth Sar
Brother
Number One
Cambodia1966—Pol Pot influenced by China and Mao Zedong’s
policy of continuous revolution.
1969-1973—U.S. Involvement, Ho Chi Minh Trail. U.S.
bombs Cambodia in an effort to rid Vietnam’s Communist
bases in Cambodia.
1975—Year Zero, April 17, Phnom Penh falls, parts of the
2 million population are marched out of city. Why?
CambodiaYear Zero—Campaign to purify Cambodian society ofcapitalism, Western culture, religion and all foreigninfluences in favor of isolation and a Maoist agrarianstate. Agricultural collectives known as the KillingFields.
1978—Cambodia invaded by Vietnam, Pol Pot ousted.
1998—Pol Pot dies April 15.
2001—2.2 to 2.5 million victims
Cold War 1970s—Cambodia
Cambodia Cold War Video
The Killing Fields of Cambodia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dmu-7sddik
Cold War 1973Overthrow in Chile, Allende’s Leftist
Regime
Cold War 1970s—Chile
Cold War 1970s—Chile
Salvador Allende elected President of Chile
on September 4, 1970, inaugurated on
November 3, 1970.
He gains 36.3% of the vote and becomes
the first democratically elected socialist
(communist) candidate.
Cold War 1970s—Chile
Cold War 1970s—Chile
BackgroundThe U.S. had been involved in Chile’sGovernment since as far back as 1958.
The U.S. tried to stop the inaugurationthrough a military coup. One of theopponents of the coup Army Chief of Staffwas assassinated.
Cold War 1970s—Chile
Background
Popular Unity coalition stated Chile was
being exploited by parasitic foreign and
domestic capitalists.
By 1971, the government voted to
unanimously nationalize the foreign copper
which were owned by Kennecott and Anaconda.
Cold War 1970s—Chile
U.S. Interests
Kennecott and Anaconda were two U.S.
firms.
The government took over virtually all the
great estates and turned the lands over to
the resident workers.
Cold War 1970s—Chile
U.S. PolicyPopular Unity tried to maintain cordialrelations with the U.S.The U.S. had a two track policy with Chile
1) official relations were friendly but not openly hostile
2) the U.S. would launch an economic blockade with other U.S. companies
Cold War Personality Profile
President Nixon
informed the CIA
director Richard Helms
seen on the right to
“make the economy
scream”
Cold War Video
La Moneda Presidential Palace
La Moneda September 11, 1973
Cold War Personality Profile“Workers of my homeland: Ihave faith in Chile and itsfuture. Other men willovercome this dark andbitter moment when treasonis trying to be uppermost.You must continue to knowthat, sooner rather thanlater, grand avenues will beopened where free men willgo to build a better society.” Long live Chile; long liveChile; long live the workers.”
Cold War Personality ProfileThese are my last
Words, certain that the
sacrifice will not be in
vain. I am sure that
there will be at least a
moral sanction that will
punish the felony,
cowardice and treason.
Salvador Allende September 11, 1973
Cold War 1970sThe Other 9/11
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_MZdjvo6WE
Cold War 1970s
Pope John Paul II, Solidarity Movement and the Beginning of Communism’s
End
Cold War—Solidarity Movement
Pre-Cursor to Change in Poland
Edward Gierek is the Prime Minister andthe economy is in bad shape.
Prices are increasing and protests are theresult.
Cold War—Solidarity Movement
Pope John Paul’s 1979 Visit—30 Years of
Soviet Rule
Solidarity (Labor Union)
=The Beginning of the End of Communism
Cold War –Solidarity Movement
Roman Catholic Church
The Prime Minister opens up a dialogue with Pope John Paul II.-Karol Wojtyla=Pope John Paul II
(first non-Italian Pope since 1400s)installed on October 16, 1978.
-June 2, 1979—Open Air mass in VictorySq. in Warsaw “Don’t Be Afraid”
Cold War Personality ProfileBecomes pope upon
the death of Pope John
Paul I
Cold War—Solidarity Movement
Solidarity—a labor Union started in Gdansk,
Poland by Lech Walesa in August 1980.
Strikes ensue and workers present a list of
21 Demands.
January 1981—Walesa and the Pope meet
in the Vatican.
Cold War 1980s
Pope John Paul II and Solidarity leader Lech Walesa meeting in 1981
Cold War—Solidarity Movement
Fall 1981—
Solidarity expands its charter to all areas of society. They are looking for the establishment of democratic local governments, independent judges and equal protection under the law.
Cold War—Solidarity Movement
December 12-13, 1981—Poland declares Martial Law. Army andspecial riot police are used to crush theunion.
December 1982—Martial Law suspended, General amnesty in July 1983.
Cold War 1970s
Pope John Paul II
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJDKINa11rs
Cold War 1980s
Mikhail Gorbachev
Perestroika
(Restructuring)
Glasnost
(Openness)