Post on 24-Jan-2016
description
Cold Land Processes
Jared K. Entin
May 28th, 2003
NASA’s Mission is About Life
NASA’s Mission:To understand and protect our home planet
To explore the universe and search for lifeTo inspire the next generation of explorers
… as only NASA can
How are Variations in Local Weather, Precipitation and Water Resources related to Global Climate Variation?
River discharge monitored globally;Snow water equivalent observations
EOS/in-situ observations of land surface state variables
Improved precipitation forecasts that support: Water supply Decision Support System with 7-10 day lead time & seasonal water supply forecasting ability
Vertical profiles of cloud structure and properties
(Cloudsat/Calypso)
Ongoing model improvementsEnhancements in computing
resources
Improved latent heating profiles and convective parameterizations within weather and climate models
Observations of tropical rainfall/energy release(TRMM)
Assessments of natural variability in atmospheric, surface and subsurface moisture stores
Unfunded
Partnership
NASA
= field campaign
Kn
ow
led
ge
Bas
e
Cloud parameterization and precipitation/water-vapor assimilation enabling more reliable short-term precipitation forecasts and accurate roll of clouds in climate predictions
Quantify and elucidate mechanisms of the mean state and variability of the water cycle, including quantification of precipitation, evaporation, runoff and water storages
Global estimates of ocean evaporation and land evaporation
Global monitoring of water and energy (GIFTS)
Global precipitation measurements (GPM)
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Systematic measurements of precipitation, SST, land cover & snow
• Reservoirs and tropical rainfall well quantified• Difficulty balancing the water budget on any scale• Inability to observe and predict precipitation globally
2002 2010 2012 2014 20152004 2006 2008 IPCC Report
IPCC Report
T= Technology
development required
Detection of gravity perturbations due to water
distribution (GRACE)
T
T
Data assimilation of precipitation and water vapor
Global Soil Moisture
• Various technology development needs detailed in ESTO database to support multi-frequency SAR, higher-resolution radiometers, larger data volumes, etc.
Kn
ow
led
ge
Bas
e
Enterprise Goals:
Understanddistribution ofsnowpack waterstorage and meltstate (wetness)
Models capable of predicting the water cycle,including floods and droughts,down to 10’s of km
Routine probabilisticforecasts of snowwater storage andsnowfall accurate enough to supporteconomic decisions
Improve winter stormhazard forecasting atlocal scales tosupport mitigation
Cold Land Processes Roadmap
CLPX I
• Global variations in areal extent of snow cover well quantified• Poor understanding of how local-scale processes “scale up”• Poor understanding of snow feedbacks to atmosphere
• Models don’t account for sub-grid scale snow distributions• Winter precipitation poorly observed, esp. in high latitudes• Paucity of observations of snow water content or melt state
TODAY:
AMSR-E
• Improved general understanding of cold land processes
• Improved representation of fundamental cold land processes in regional-global models
SSM/I
• Evaluation of regional-global snow models, AMSR-E snow products
• Progress in microwave radiative transfer models for snow
CL
PX
II
• New algorithms for active/passive SWE and wetness retrieval
CL
PX
IV
Va
lid
ati
on
• Examine key questions unresolved by CLPX I – e.g. dynamics, untested snowpack regimes, polar regions, sea ice, etc.
• Test and refine improved models and data assimilation
• Test and refine new active/passive algorithms with augmented Ku-band AIRSAR
CLPPPrelimTech.Devel.
CLPP Technology Development
Data Analyses
• Improved strategies for assimilation of snow information in models
CMIS (NPOESS)• Continuation of 30-year baseline of global monitoring of snow cover and depth (dry-snow only, coarse resolution passive microwave)
• Narrow-swath sampling of global snow Narrow-swath sampling of global snow water equivalent and snow wetnesswater equivalent and snow wetness
• Full global measurement of snow Full global measurement of snow water equivalent and snow wetnesswater equivalent and snow wetness
• Quantification of high latitude precipitation, fresh water stored in seasonal snowpacks, controls on variability of storage, snowpack feedback effects on weather and climate
• “Routine” modeled estimates of global SWE and snow wetness, largely unconstrained by observations
CLP Measurement Technology Development• Improved measurement accuracy and precision• Higher spatial and temporal resolution to resolve precipitation from individual storms
2002 2010 2012 2014 20162006 20082004
NexGen AIRSAR (L, C, Ku)
Imaging Ku AIRSAR
Augmentation
• Data collection as needed to support advanced CLPP preparations – algorithm refinement, ground system testing, science data processing tests, etc.
CLPPProposal
CLPP Education and Outreach
CLPP Applications Development
Unfunded
Funded
= Field Campaign
Unfunded
NRA NRA NRA NRA NRA NRA NRA
CLPP MISSION
CLPM MISSION
Cold Land Processes Pathfinder (CLPP) Mission
Cold Land Processes Measurement (CLPM) Mission
Increased coordination and collaboration with polar regions and
sea ice communities
Development of International Partnerships
CL
PX
III
Cold Land Processes Working Group
GAPP GAPP GAPP GAPP GAPP GAPP
Applications for Societal Benefit
AgriculturalCompetitiveness
Air QualityCommunity GrowthInvasive Species
WaterManagement
Disaster Preparedness
Coastal Management
Homeland Security
ResourceManagement
Aviation SafetyEnergy ForecastingPublic Health