Post on 15-Oct-2020
Cold Climate Wine Grape Cultivars:
A “New” Crop in the
Northeast and Upper Midwest Regions
of the USA
L.P. Berkett, T.L. Bradshaw, and S.L. Kingsley-Richards
Department of Plant & Soil Science
University of Vermont
Burlington, VT USA
Where is Vermont ?
Agriculture & Tourism
Vermont Plant
Hardiness Zones
La CrescentFrontenac
“Cold Climate” Wine Grapes
Marquette
http://viticulture.hort.iastate.edu/cultivars/cultivars.html
� Origin: MN 1094 and the French Hybrid cultivar Ravat 262 (offspring of Pinot Noir)
� Withstands temperatures as low as -37˚Cwithout serious injury.
� Open and orderly growth habit
� Ripens mid-season, a few days before the cultivar Frontenac.
� Wines have been excellent, exceeding nearly all non-V. vinifera varieties in quality ratings. Tasters have noted an attractive deep red color, desirable aromas of cherry, black pepper, spice, and berry, and substantial tannin structurerarely found in hybrid wines.
Marquette
� White wine grape variety - makes a Germanic character wine reminiscent of Vignoles or Riesling
� Origin: St. Pepin x ES 6-8-25; U of M, 2002
� Very winter hardy with trunks surviving temp. as low as -37 C
� Mid-season variety with an average harvest date of Sept. 26 in Minnesota (approx. 45-degree latitude)
� Yields and vigor are moderate
� Small to medium amber berries on medium clusters that are slightly loose to loose
� Wine quality is high when finished in a semi-sweet style, and aromas include apricot, citrus, and pineapple with no herbaceous or labrusca aromas.
La Crescent
http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Default.aspx
1963
Published: July 5, 2013
Published: July 5, 2013
1988
2013
Challenge in Cold Regions
An important challenge to this young industry in thecolder regions of the USA is the selection of cultivarswhich will survive the cold winters and consistentlyproduce high quality fruit, particularly within cool,relatively short growing seasons that occur in some ofthe states.
Cultivar selection is a critical decision for a grape growerwhich will impact the vineyard’s competitiveness,profitability, and its success or failure.
It is a decision that needs research-generated, science-based information.
Wine Grape Cultivar Research Projects
� NE 1020 Project
� Northern Grapes Project
1. Evaluate the viticulture characteristics and wine quality potential of clones of economically significant cultivars throughout the USA.
2. Characterize the viticultural and wine quality potential of emerging cultivars based on regional needs.
3. Conduct explorations within and outside of the USA for new or lesser known cultivars that may have economic potential for the US wine industry.
NE1020: Multi-State Evaluation of Winegrape Cultivars and Clones
http://www.nimss.umd.edu/homepages/outline.cfm?trackID=4034
[25 Universities]
University of Vermont VineyardNE 1020 Cultivar Evaluation Project
• Planted: 2007 - 6 rows, 4-vine plots of each cultivar per row
• Cultivars: Frontenac, La Crescent, St. Croix, Marquette,
Prairie Star, Corot Noir, Vignoles, and Traminette
• Soil Type: Adams-Windsor loamy sand
• Training System: High-Wire Cordon
• Irrigation System: Drip
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
2013 Northern Grapes Project Grower Symposium- Research Summaries -
http://northerngrapesproject.org/
2012
http://northerngrapesproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/B.-Gartner-Baseline-survey.pdf
2012
http://northerngrapesproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/B.-Gartner-Baseline-survey.pdf
VERMONT – 2009 Grower Survey
How important is it to you to learn more about the major grape diseases, the optimal time(s) to manage them, and the various management options?
•Highly Important – 82%
•Mod. Important – 15%
•Slightly Important – 3%
•Not at all Important – 0%
•Unsure – 0%
Phomopsis cane & leaf spot - Phomopsis viticola
Black Rot - Guignardia bidwellii
Powdery MildewErysiphe necator
Downy MildewPlasmopara viticola
Major Diseases
NYS IPM Fact Sheet
AnthracnoseElsinoe
ampelina
First Harvest - Never Applied Fungicides
Black Rot
Grape Berry Moth
Endopiza viteana
Grape Leafhoppers
Erythroneura spp.
Grape Phylloxera (leaf form)
Dakutlosphaira vitifoliae
Grape Insect Pests
Grape Berry Moth
Webbing of the grapeberry moth larvae.
Substantial damage caused by the grape berry moth
“New” Insect Pests
• Spotted Wing Drosophila
• Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Source: Wash. State Univ. Source: L.P. Berkett
Halyomorpha halys
University of Vermont Cold Climate Grape Production Website
http://pss.uvm.edu/grape/
http://pss.uvm.edu/grape/IPM/AnInitialIPMStrategy.pdf
University of Vermont Grape IPM Updates
1. http://newa.cornell.edu
2. Chose a weather station
close to your location
NEWA’s Homepage
Stations in
Vermont
Six on apple farmsCalaisEast DorsetPutneyShorehamSouth BurlingtonSouth Hero
Five on airports (NWS)BenningtonBurlingtonMontpelierMorrisvilleRutland
NEWA – Disease & Insect Models
Grower Education in VermontClassroom – Vineyard
La Crescent
Frontenac
Goal: Quality Cold Climate Wine Grape Production
Marquette
Danke, Grazie, MerciThank you
For your Attention
Research Technicians Morgan Griffith, Terry Bradshaw, Sarah Kingsley-Richards