Post on 13-Apr-2017
How can the DEVELOPMENT gap be
narrowed?
Strategies – National Level
National Development
Clean water and sanitation
Improving education
Population control
Job creation
How do these national level strategies relate to Singapore’s attempt to achieve optimum population?
How have these national level strategies helped Singapore close the development gap with other countries?
Effectiveness of National Strategies
National Strategies
Effective, how? Ineffective, why?
Clean water & sanitation
Improving Education
Population Control
Job creation
Strategies to narrow gap
Many voiced concern about the wide disparities and gap
Arising from this is aid given in the form of money, goods, food, technology or volunteers and experts
Aim is to enable LDCs to improve their economies and earn more money and to improve their people’s quality of life
Useful Internet Links on Aid
Good introduction to types of aid - http://www.slideshare.net/neilgood/international-aid-presentation?src=related_normal&rel=40512
Excellent example to illustrate tied aid – http://www.slideshare.net/geographyalltheway/ib-geography-overseas-aid?src=related_normal&rel=40512
For Against
Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives. Aid can increase the dependency of LEDCs on donor countries. Sometimes aid is not a gift, but a loan, and poor countries may struggle to repay.
Aid helps rebuild livelihoods and housing after a disaster. Aid may not reach the people who need it most. Corruption may lead to local politicians using aid for their own means or for political gain.
Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment can improve health and standards of living.
Aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country. The country may end up owing a donor country or organisation a favour.
Aid for agriculture can help increase food production and so improve the quality and quantity of food available.
Sometimes projects do not benefit smaller farmers and projects are often large scale.
Encouraging aid industrial development can create jobs and improve transport infrastructure.
Infrastructure projects may end up benefiting employers more than employees.
Aid can support countries in developing their natural resources and power supplies.
It may be a condition of the investment that the projects are run by foreign companies or that a proportion of the resources or profits will be sent abroad.
Projects that develop clean water and sanitation can lead to improved health and living standards.
Some development projects may lead to food and water costing more.
For
Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives.
Aid helps rebuild livelihoods and housing after a disaster.
Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment can improve health and standards of living.
Aid for agriculture can help increase food production and so improve the quality and quantity of food available.
Encouraging aid industrial development can create jobs and improve transport infrastructure.
Aid can support countries in developing their natural resources and power supplies.
Projects that develop clean water and sanitation can lead to improved health and living standards.
Against Aid can increase the dependency of LEDCs on donor countries. Sometimes aid is not a gift, but a loan, and poor countries may struggle to repay. Aid may not reach the people who need it most. Corruption may lead to local politicians using aid for their own means or for political gain.
Aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country. The country may end up owing a donor country or organisation a favour.
Sometimes projects do not benefit smaller farmers and projects are often large scale.
Infrastructure projects may end up benefiting employers more than employees.
It may be a condition of the investment that the projects are run by foreign companies or that a proportion of the resources or profits will be sent abroad.
Some development projects may lead to food and water costing more.
Evaluate the effectiveness of international aid in helping to close the development gap between countries. [10]
International Aid, in form of:
Effective
how?
Ineffective
why?
Monetary loans
Humanitarian aid eg food, water, blankets etc
Technological transfer, expertise, volunteers
Conclusion
Strategies - International Level
International Cooperation
International organisations
World Bank
Asian Development Bank
International agreements
UNMDG, (UNMGD) – Report on UNMDG
UNCLOS
Give a man a fish, feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, feed him for life.
Are these strategies successful in eliminating poverty?
• A positive economic growth refers to a state where there are more economic activities.
• More activities imply more resource consumption and pollution.
• Economic growth is vital for quality of life, but NOT sustainable if resources are used too fast.
• Economy may eventually collapse.
• => SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT