Post on 16-Mar-2018
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Climate Change and Coastal Community Adaptations in India
Presented by
Prof. Dr. K.T. Thomson
Principal Investigator (ARTISTICC-India)
School of Industrial Fisheries
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Cochin, Kerala, India
at
Brest, Brittany, France
March 10-14, 2014
Indian scenario
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Indian coastal areas and communities
• Long coast line of around 8000 kilometers • Highly diverse coast
– Beaches, backwaters, mangroves, salt producing units – Coastal agriculture and aquaculture, tourism
(spiritual, sport)
• Diverse communities • Livelihood dependency
– High density of population compared to other areas – Over 63 million people from costal communities in
the states of Gujarat, Kerala, Tamilnadu and Orissa in India are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, particularly sea-level rise
• Low levels of technologies
Indian costal zone Major Features
• Rapid state sponsored transformation drive towards modernization
• Strong state regulations
• Privatization of coastal areas and ecosystems
• Community resistance against state regulations
• Climate change threats
• Sea level rise, Tsunami, beach erosion, winds and typhoons, salt intrusion, drinking water problems
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Study Areas
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Orrisa
Kerala
INDIA
Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
Indian Ocean
Pakistan China
Study areas • Two locations each in the west and east coasts
• West coast • Vypin Island Kerala and
• Kutch Bay in Gujarat (To be decided)
• East coast – Nagapatanam coast in Tamil Nadu
– Orissa Coast (To be decided)
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Orissa
Andra Pradesh
ThiruvallurChennai
Kancheepuram
Villuppuram
Cuddalore
Nagapattinam
Pondicherry
ThiruvarurThanjavur
Pudukkottai
Ramanathapuram
ThoothukkudiThirunelveli
Kanyakumari
Karnataka
Kerala
Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu
Bay of Bengal
Tamil Nadu
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Andra Pradesh
ThiruvallurChennai
Kancheepuram
Villuppuram
Cuddalore
Pondicherry
Thanjavur
Pudukkottai
Ramanathapuram
ThoothukkudiThirunelveli
Kanyakumari
Karnataka
Kerala
Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu
Bay of Bengal
Tamil Nadu Nagapattinam
Thiruvarur
Sirkali Taluk
Tharangambadi Taluk
Myladumthurai Taluk
Nagapattinam Taluk
Kilvelur Taluk
Thirukkuvalai Taluk
Vedaranyam Taluk
Strucutre of Taluks in Nagapattinam District
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• Geographical characteristics of Nagapattinam district – Bay of Bengal
– Estuary
– Agrarian community
– Aquaculture intervention
• Communities – Marine fishermen
• Traditional fishermen
• Motorized fishermen
• Small scale mechanized fishermen
– Inland fishermen • Aquaculture entrepreneurs
– Salt industries
– Paddy farmers
Andra Pradesh
ThiruvallurChennai
Kancheepuram
Villuppuram
Cuddalore
Nagapattinam
Pondicherry
ThiruvarurThanjavur
Pudukkottai
Ramanathapuram
ThoothukkudiThirunelveli
Karnataka
Kerala
Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu
Bay of Bengal
Tamil Nadu
Kanyakumari
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• Climate change threats
• Sea level rise, Tsunami, beach erosion, winds and typhoons, salt intrusion, drinking water problems
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Vypin Island:Land use map 2000
Low-Lying Islands: Already very close to sea levels and are vulnerable to sea-level rise.
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• Proposed objectives of the study
– To present an historical account of the political ecology of Vypin Island since its formation
– To identify climate variability and vulnerabilities of actants (communities, industry, state and non human elements) in the Island.
– To compose institutions and networks that foster sustainable adaptations to changing climate
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Methodology
• Study area
– Socio economic and political setting of Vyppin
• Demographic trends
• Ecological trends
• Multiple drivers of change – Economic development trends
– Climate change
• Political trends
• Institutional dynamics and trends
• Governance trends and dynamics
Present social structure
• Vyppin Island formed around early 1300 A.D
due to a natural flooding in the region and its
interaction with Arabian sea
• Ecosystem Communities
• Konkinies, Syrian catholic Latin Catholics
• Ezhava and other Scheduled caste communities
• Cultural entities
• Sree varaha Gowreeswara temple
• Syrian church Manjumatha Church
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Varaha
Resource system
• Resource sector
– Fisheries, Agriculture, Tourism, Petrochemical industries etc
– Size of the resource system
• Pokkali land area
• Three mechanized landing centers
• One artisanal landing area
• Clarity of system boundaries
– 25 Km mainland
– Two estuaries, Cochin and Munabam
– Back water and marine area etc
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• Human constructed activities – Fishing sector – Agriculture sector – Industrial Sector – Service sector
• Productivity systems – Fishing – Agriculture
• Pokkali, Coconut farms, Prawn filtration farms etc
– Industrial sector • Petro chemical industries
– Service sector • Tourism industry • Traders etc
Resource Actors • Number of actors
– Fisheries – Agriculture – Tourism – Industry
• Socio economic attributes of actors – Economic status of different actors – Cultural status of different actors
• History of actors • Locations • Leadership/ Entrepreneurship
– Formal leadership – Primary producers leadership
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• Norms / Social capital – Networking of homogenous groups
– Networking of heterogeneous groups
• Knowledge of climate variability on resource system – Fisheries
– Agriculture
– Tourism
– Industry
• Opportunity
• Externality
Resource Units • Resource units mobility • Replacement structure • Interactions
– Strong to weak – Predatory or symbiotic
• Economic value • Size
– Large to small – Trophic level
• Distinctive markings • Distribution • Spatial heterogeneity • Temporal heterogeneity
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Governance system
Governance system
Rules
Constitutional rules
Collective choice rules
Operational rules
Property rights regime
Public
Private
Common
Mixed
Network structure
Centrality
Number of levels
Connectivity
Modularity
Actants
• Science
• Outside
• De animated
• Undisputable
• Non humans
• Facts
• Objectives
• Reality
• Politics, Culture, Religion, Supernaturalism, Superstitions
• Inside, Multiple
• Animated
• Disputable
• Human
• Values
• Subjective
• Appearance
House of Nature House of Society