Post on 02-Jan-2016
description
Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, harvestman, scorpions, etc.
Yellow Garden Spider
Tick
Mite
Arachnids are amazing, but they are NOT insects!
• Many people talk about “BUGS,” but that’s not a scientific term.
• What they really mean is:
• Insect or
• Arachnid
Class Arachnida
• Mouthparts are calledchelicerae.
• Most contain venom.• Antennae are absent.• Four pairs of legs.• Book lungs for respiration.
Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis
Ronald F. BillingsTexas Forest Servicewww.forestryimages.org
Yellow Garden Spider,Argiope aurantiaScott Bauer, USDA Agricultural
Research Service, www.insectimages.org
Arachnids
• This class of animals include spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions and other 8 – legged invertebrates.
• Have an exoskeleton• The arachnid body is divided into two parts: anterior and posterior.
– Anterior: contains sense organs, mouthparts, and limbs in pairs – posterior: bears the genital opening and other structures and some sort of
modified gills (called “hook lungs”)
• Two body regions(cephalothorax, abdomen).
• Fangs (chelicerae), mostare venomous.
• Most are not dangerous.• Most make webs. • Most have poor eyesight;
hairs compensate for it(jumping spiders are an exception).
• Potentially dangerous spiders (bites are uncommon):
Brown recluse spider, Black widow spider
Class Arachnida:Order Araneae: Spiders
David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org
Jumping Spider, Phidippus audax
pedipalp
chelicera (fang)
cephalothorax
abdomen
narrow waist
Spider Anatomy
Abdomen
Pedipalp
Chelicera (fang)
Cephalothorax
Jumping Spider
Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider
TarantulaOrb-weaving spider
Black widow with egg case
Brown recluse
Class Arachnida:Order Araneae:
Spiders
David Keith, Department of EntomologyUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln
Crab Spider,Misumenoides
formosipes
Wolf Spider,Lycosa carolinensis
James O. Howell, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org
• One apparent bodyregion.
• Abdomen andcephalothorax short.
• Common and harmless.• Nocturnal. • Feed on detritus, fruit,
or other animals.
Class Arachnida:Order Opiliones: Harvestman
(Daddy Longlegs)
Leiobunum sp.Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org
daddy long-legs
cephalothorax abdomen
• Long tail with sting. • Pedipalps are modified
as pinchers.• Most scorpion stings
are no worse than beestings; only a minorityof species arepotentially dangerous.
• Nocturnal. • Common in warm
climates.• Feed on other animals.
Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions
Striped Bark Scorpion, Centruroides vittatus,
gravid female from Texas
E. Tenczar
Scorpion Anatomy
chelicerae eyes pedipalp
Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones:
Scorpions
Northern Desert Hairy Scorpion, Hadrurus spadix, native to US
E. Tenczar
Emperor Scorpion,Pandinus imperator,
female eating cockroach, native to West Africa
E. Tenczar
Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions
Arizona Bark Scorpion, Centruroides exilicauda, mating
E. Tenczar
Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions
Lined Devil Scorpion,Vaejovis spinigerus,
female from Arizona with young
Flat Rock Scorpion,Hadogenes troglodytes,
female, native toSouth Africa
E. Tenczar
E. Tenczar
Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions
Slenderbrown Bark Scorpion,Centruroides gracilis,male from Central America
Pandinus imperator; scorpions glow under UV/ black light
E. Tenczar
E. Tenczar
Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions
E. Tenczar E. Tenczar
Black Thick-Tailed Scorpion, Parabuthus transvaalicus, a highly venomous species native to South Africa
Pseudoscorpion
• Ticks have two body regions.• Young have six legs, adults have eight.• There are hard and soft-bodied ticks.• Ticks are much larger than mites, some
females as large as a nickel.
Class Arachnida: Order Acari: Ticks
Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularisJim Occi, BugPics, www.insectimages.org
American dog tick male
Blacklegged (deer) tick female
American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).
• Attach to skin using twoclaws.
• Two blade-like beaks enterthe skin.
• Injected fluid dissolves skintissue around beaks, buthardens surrounding tissue so that a stylostome, or tube is formed.
• Chigger sucks up liquid through stylostome.
• Tube remains after chigger leaves, causing itching.
Class Arachnida:Order Acari: Chiggers
Chigger Bites on Human
• Mites have only one noticeable body region.
• Many are microscopic or close to it.
Class Arachnida:Order Acari: Mites
Mites
• Egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, adult.
• Four pair legs; three pairs on larvae.
• Two body segments: head, thorax.
• Chelicerae: fangs like spiders.
• Suck cells.
• Cause chlorosis; yellowing of foliage.
• Transmit disease.
• Diagnostics: chlorosis, webbing, rusetting, galls.
• Female: round abdomen
• Male: pointed abdomen
• Larva 3 pairs of legs
Mites
pedipalps &chelicerae
cephalothorax
abdomen
Mite and Tick Body Regions
Warm/Cool Season Mites
Warm season
• Twospotted spider mite
• European red mite
• Bulb mite
• Gall, rust mite
• Cyclamen mite
Cool season
• Spruce spider mite
• Clover mite
Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae
Jack Kelly Clark, University of Californiahttp://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/T/I-AC-TSPP-AD.022.html
Family Tetranychidae:
• Twospotted spider mite
• Lewis mite
Family Tarsonemidae:
• Cyclamen mite
• Broad mite
Family Acaridae:
• Bulb mite
Family Eriophyidae:
• Gall, rust mite
Mites in the Greenhouse
Cyclamen Mite
CUEShttp://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/inter/inmine/Mitesc.html
Clover mites
Twospotted spider mites
Predatory mite
Helpful Arachnids…
• Arachnids can be helpful!
• Spiders help to control the insect population by catching insects in their webs as their prey.
Harmful Arachnids
• Bites from the Black Widow Spider and the Brazilian Wandering Spider can be deadly if not treated.
• Ticks can carry blood-borne diseases such as Lyme Disease.
Designed for Miss. Stone’s 3rd Grade Classhttp://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=368713
Introduction
Did you know that some spiders are as big as your face?...Some can live for 28 years?...Scorpions are arachnids too?
Discover amazing facts about spiders, how they catch their food, what they eat, where they live, and how they defend themselves.
I didn’t know that…
Spiders make a new web every day. Spiders are always making new webs because their old ones break easily and lose their stickiness. A web traps food for the spider so it is essential for survival and needs to be in perfect order.
http://www.americanarachnology.org/gallery_entrance.html
! People have been known to use spiders’ webs as fishing nets.
! The silk in a spiders’ web could stretch the length of a tennis court.
Some spiders live underwater.
Water spiders live in lakes and ponds, but they can’t breathe underwater. They spin themselves a bell-shaped web and keep it filled with air by collecting bubbles from the surface.
I didn’t know that…
! Spider silk is stronger than steel wire of the same thickness.
! Some spiders lie in wait in their webs, hoping to catch tadpoles.
http://www.herper.com/Waterspider.html
http://www.seghea.com/pat/art/bugs/bugth1.html
Some spiders jump through trapdoors.
Trapdoor spiders dig a burrow in the ground, cover it with a trapdoor, and hide inside. Then they pounce on any creature that passes.
I didn’t know that…
! The bolas spider is named after the bolas, a South American lasso.
! Trapdoor spiders dig out their tunnels with their jaws.
Some spiders spit.
Spitting spiders don’t use webs. Instead, they make a sticky gum, which they fire out through their fangs. This completely covers an insect and sticks it to the spot.
I didn’t know that…
! Wolf spiders eat up to 15 insects on a good hunting day.
! Unlike many spiders, hunting spiders have very sharp eyesight.
http://www.photostogo.com/store/search.asp?SearchStr=%27Spider%27 http://www.troyb.com/photo/gallery/section2.htm%20
Some spiders have fangs.
Like snakes, spiders use poison to defend themselves and kill their prey. A spider jabs its fangs into its victim and holds on while the poison pumps into the prey.
I didn’t know that…
! A spider bite always leaves two little holes in the skin.
! Most spiders are poisonous- at least to insects.
http://www.sphoto.com/mspiders.htmlhttp://www.sphoto.com/insects.html
Spiders have nurseries.
Just before her eggs hatch, the nursery-web spider spins a tent of silk. It’s a nursery, where tiny baby spiders stay safe and sound, while their mother keeps guard nearby.
I didn’t know that…
! After they have hatched, baby spiders still need a parents’ protection.
! House spiders often stick their nests to door and window frames.
http://www.sphoto.com/mspiders.html
http://www.sphoto.com/landscape.html
Some spiders can change color.
Crab spiders are masters of disguise and can match their color to their surroundings. This clever trick keeps them hidden inside flowers, where other spiders would be more easily seen
I didn’t know that…
! Spiders that hunt on the ground need good camouflage.
http://ln.doubleclick.net/adi/tr.ln/memberembedded;kw=spider%20photos;h=misc;sz=468x60;ord=210737637424058?http://www.sphoto.com/insects.html
Wasps attack spiders.
The female tarantula hawk wasp feeds her babies tarantulas. She attacks, stings, and paralyzes these huge spiders, then drags them into a hole and lays an egg on them.
I didn’t know that…
! A golden-wheeling spider escapes by cartwheeling down sand dunes.
! Chinese farmers build winter shelters for spiders in their fields.
http://www.wmspear.com/News/hawkwasp.html
http://www.desertusa.com/mag01/sep/papr/thawk.html