Phonetics – Class 12

CD 233

Lavoie

Plan for today

Work on transcription of phrases, summarizing the kinds of things that you might notice and mark in a narrow transcription, what diacritics to use?

Children’s order of speech acquisition

Problems with fricatives, especially /s/

Phrases for you to work on

I can give you a cup of soup

He probably already gave it to him/them

I’m going to be ready at 9

Didn’t you know that?

I don’t know

Want to stay here?

Babies acquiring language

Apologies to those who have taken language acquisition; chime in if you know more or contradictory

Talking comes during the child’s first two years

We’ll go through some milestones and stages now

In utero

Baby hears a lot through mom’s body Days after birth, baby ID’s mom’s voice Babies are familiar with ambient language My twins kicked more when they heard my

husband’s voice than other male voices “Fetal soap opera addiction” baby calmed by

theme music b/c mom watched while pregnant http://birthpsychology.com/free-article/prenatal-memory-and-learning

Birth to 3 months

Baby may produce ooo’s and aaa’s

Babies can differentiate between various sounds, such as ma and na

Three-month-old sounds like this: http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/PhonProcess/baby3mo.wav

4 to 6 months

Baba, jaja, mama, dada (not meaningful), consonants include: b d j m n w

Baby produces endless stream-of-consciousness monologues, in “foreign” lg.

Vocalization is a game, babble for joy of hear-ing sounds and feeling their mouth articulating

By six months, baby learns to recognize names of family members

7 to 12 months

Babies gaze at object they want, at parent and then back at object, to communicate

Babbling sounds like you should understand it because baby uses rhythms and tunes

8 to 9 months, baby starts to understand no Babies gaze at X when asked “where’s X?” 9-month-old sounds like this:

http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/PhonProcess/baby9mo.wav

13 to 18 months

First word appears at about one year, perhaps 6 to 8 words then

Baby says “uh-oh”

Baby uses single words and knows what they mean

Baby asks questions with high pitch, such as “up-py?” when wants to be picked up

Baby realizes the power of communication

19 to 24 months

Baby says about 50 words now

Probably understands 200+ words

Between 18 and 20 months: Builds 2-word sentences “carry me!” Learns 10 words/day = vocabulary explosion

By age of 2, makes 3-word sentences

Pronouns are still confusing (instead of “I want” says “Susie wants”)

25 to 36 months

Toddler may be too loud, but will adjust Getting the hang of pronouns: I, me, you 300+ word vocabulary Simple, complete 3-word sentences “I go now” Sings simple tunes By age of three:

Pretty sophisticated talker Carries on sustained conversation Adjusts to conversation partners

Shriberg’s sets of 8

Early 8 m b j n w d p h

Middle 8 t k g N f v tS dZ

Late 8 S T D s z l r Z

Sanders (1972) norms

Speech sound mastery

By what age will kids have about 90% correct production of the sounds

Match age with consonants

Age 3

Age 4

Age 6

Age 7

Age 8

After 8

dZ tS S T Z p m w n h t l r N v D s z b d k g j f

Some disordered speech

Frictionalized stops; p.198, CD 2, tr 14

/h/ deletions; p. 206, CD 2, tr 17

“th” changes; p. 208, CD 3, tr 1

Disordered sibilants, /s/ and /z/

Articulation issue also known as a lisp

Sibilants require very precise tongue placement and take kids a while to master

Lisps are very salient because /s/ is so common and so important in English

Disordered /s/ in Looney Tunes

Daffy Duck http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JlVqfC8-UI&feature=related

Sylvester http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov-1S8Xxd94

Tweety http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=38aDWDUjlOY&feature=related

Categories of lisps

Lateralized /s/ and /z/

Dentalized /s/ and /z/

Palatalized /s/ and /z/

Rhotacized /s/ and /z/

Lateralized sibilants

Very sloppy juicy /s/

Turbulent airflow around the sides of the tongue

The symbol is like a little short tongue below the /s/

Lateralized sibs; p. 224, CD 3, tr 7

Dentalized sibilants

The single most common error of school aged children

The tongue tip is heading toward or even between the teeth rather than staying at the alveolar ridge

CP fricative/affricate module 6, p. 220 CD 3, Track 4

Dentalized sibilants from one girl

Here are some words with dentalized sibilants from one 7-year-old girl Cereal Horse Ice cream Pancakes Zebra

The nurse coordinator’s /s/…

What do you think of these two speakers?

http://www.nebraskamed.com/transplant/intestine/rehabilitation_program/

Sentences with dentalized /s, z/

Small, p. 247, ex J; CD 3, track 11

Another 7 year old girl’s sentences… We went to Ben Franklin’s and looked at the toys I saw some dolls that I liked. They traveled to Maine from Nebraska. We do spelling and math. Sometimes we play mystery games.

Palatalized sibilants

Tending toward esh rather than /s/

Tongue is too far back

Rhotacized or retroflexed sibilants

Position articulators for /r/ but produce /s/ (yikes!)

Strange sound

CP Fric and Affric Module 8, p. 226

CD 3, Track 6

Sean Connery’s /s/

Phony IHOP commercial http://www.clipjunkie.com/Sean-Connerys-

Commercial-Outtakes-vid721.html

Interview with Connery http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xvkbs6xYM94

Dame Edna and Sean Connery http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=8ysINNySRAo&feature=related

Goals for today

Finalize project groups so we can schedule Review and use diacritics Transcribe casual phrases and proverbs Recognize issues with glides and liquids Fun with Elmer Fudd Handouts on what can go wrong and

phonological processes

Diacritics review

Nasalization

Syllabicity

Voicing and devoicing

/s/ issues

Dentalization

Palatalization

Comparison of transcriptions

“At the lengthy meeting on the 10th, your input was appreciated.”

“Put your red car in the garage near the groceries.”

We’ve done a broad transcription together Now we’ll do a narrow transcription together

Casual phrases to transcribe

I can give you a cup of soup

He probably already gave it to them

I’m going to be ready at 10

Didn’t you know that?

I don’t know

Want to stay here?

Transcribed proverbs

Read them out in their broad transcriptions

Create narrow transcriptions as you might say these (if you would say them!)

Glide issues

Glides are among the first consonants mastered, so any delays are significant

What problems do you think kids have?

Glides & Liq Module #1: Glide Changes (CD 3, track 9, p. 233)

Liquid issues: /l/

What kinds of issues with /l/?*Velarized or dark /l/ “I believe I belong

in this village” *Velarized is not an actual issue unless

done in wrong context

Glides and Liquids Module #2: /l/ Substitutions (CD 3, track 10, p. 237)

Liquid issues: /r/

What substitutions do you expect?

Liquid issues: /r/

Small p. 247-I, gliding boy (CD 3, tr 10)

Derhotacized /r/

Glides & Liq Module #4: Derhotacized r (CD 3, track 12, p. 243)

To make derhotacized /r/ Put your tongue in position to say “sh” Glide away from this position as you say /r/ Don’t fiddle with your lips

Examples

A couple of interesting kids

Interesting because idiosyncratic From Small Fundamentals of Phonetics 7-year-old girl who exhibits gliding and

vocalization p. 257, CD 3, track 13

4-year-old boy who exhibits initial consonant deletion and glottal insertion p. 259, CD 3, track 14

Elmer Fudd videos

What’s Opera, Doc http://vimeo.com/70265237 Robin Williams as Fudd sings The Boss http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vT-

VaMXsAw

Bohemian whapsody http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=UN51VU-Zf5M&feature=related

What can go wrong with a sound?

Handout listing possibilities

Tie back to the charts

Sounds may move up/down or left/right on the charts

Keep in mind all of the symbols of narrow transcription that we’ve learned

Phonological processes

Phonetics vs. Phonology? Explain phonological patterns/templates

In children, it’s usually simplification To have CV syllables To have fewer articulatory specifications

See sheets for generalizations

More glide and liquid issues

Glides & Liquids Module #6, /r/ Quiz (CD 4, track 1, p. 246)

Glides and Liquids Module #7: Glides and Liquids Summary Quiz (CD 4, track 2, p. 251)

Thanksgiving Knock Knocks

Aaron Alma Arthur Dewey Don Emma Esther Gladys

Harry Luke Norma Lee General Lee Odette Olive Phillip Tamara

Happy Thanksgiving

Knock Knock Jokes and Riddles

I hope you have a wonderful break and I look forward to seeing you next Monday to finish up with kids’ troubles with liquids and glides

Additional video clips

James Earl Jones on Connery’s voice http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=4QTwPC3AgU4&feature=channel On being Darth Vader’s voice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAJgnUix2kI&feature=channel

Pre-voiceover Darth Vader http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=YSm9DDxQv8E&feature=related