Phonetics ~ Class 4

CD 233

Lisa Lavoie

Today

Cover HWs 4 and 5 (flaps, wedge)Find stress on related words and in

dialect variationRead transcribed words and animal QsFiner points of vowels

Tense and lax pairs Circle back to cot/caught merger Differentiate /e, o/ from their fake diphthong

versions

Six working groups tonight

Count off in 6’s

Group yourselves with others of your number

We’ll work together in those groups tonight

How do you determine the stress?

Methods to try Tapping out the syllables Overstressing each syllable in turn Say the word with hurt incredulity and see

which syllable goes up the highest in pitch See what is going on with p t k, esp. t

(flapping)

Stress impacts transcription

Remember, stress determines:   vs.  ʌ ɝ ə ɚ

“Pervert,” “stirrer,” “fervor,” “murderer”

“Above,” “adjust,” “ruckus”

Flapping depends on stress

Where’s the stress? A

Reveal

Romantic

Secrets

Dramatic

Longitudinal

Development

Marginal

Return

Investment

Carbonated

Beverage

Hydration

Where’s the stress? B

University

Cafeteria

Gymnasium

Laboratory

Library

Librarian

Phenomenal

Stupendous

Terrific

Fantastic

Awesome

Unbelievable

Where’s the stress? C

Appetite

Falsetto

Buckaroo

Cameo

Optical

Sentiment

Bulgaria

Penelope

Hyperbole

Virtuoso

Kamikaze

Related words A

Major

Idiot

Reveal

Manic

Oblige

Preserve

Liberty

Related words B

Felony

Aristocrat

Courage

Plural

Terror

Surrender

Compute

Related words C

Mandate

Repeat

Perspire

Create

Paralyze

Colony

Magic

Stress shifting words

English wants alternating stresses

We hate two stressed syllables next to each other so we sometimes fix it up

Buckaroo vs. Buckaroo Banzai

Afternoon vs. Afternoon tea

Teens are quite changeable (13 – 19)

Stress variation in words

Canadians: elementary, corollary

Just American, I think: Harassment, adult, kilometer, applicable, Address, cigarette, complex, mischievous, Submarine, umbrella, vehicle, raccoon Caribbean, advertisement

Another phonetics book says…

These words vary in stress or pronunciation What do we think? Abdomen, height, neither, Advertisement, coupon, homage Humble, apricot, zoology Interesting, comparable, bouquet, finance Forehead, insurance, often, illustrative

Cot/caught merger (Don/Dawn)

Also called “low back” merger

Possum rhymes with awesome

50% of US merges them now and it’s spreading…

From Telsurhttp://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/maps/Map1.html

Low back vowels: ,  , ɑ ɔ ɒ

ɑ Cot

Don

Stock

Father

Lot

Mom

ɔ Caught

Dawn

Stalk

Dog

Fall

Long

Low back vowels: ,  , ɑ ɔ ɒ

ɑ Pond

Fonz

Odd

Collar

Body

Wok Hock

ɔ Pawned Fawns Awed Caller Bawdy Walk Hawk

Other names for the merger

Hottie

Otto

Gotti

Bobble

Cod

Lager

Pod

Yon

Cock

Haughty Auto Gaudy Bauble Cawed Logger Pawed Yawn Caulk

Tense and lax vowels

Think about monosyllabic words with these vowels: i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ, ɝ, ʌ

Can they have a coda consonant?

Must they have a coda consonant?

Mid-vowels as monophthongs

http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter4/ex4.html

Canadian monophthongs e, o

http://ic-migration.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/icfiles/ic/lsp/site/#monophthongs

Mid-vowel “contrasts”…

  e vs. eɪ Decade vs. decayed Dayton vs. day time Replay vs played Prayed vs. parade Examination vs.

nation

o vs. oʊ Bellow vs. Below Hotel vs. Whole Romantic vs. Rome Rotate vs. road Bodacious vs. bode Prohibit vs. probe Suppose vs. Pose

California English

Lots of current research going on

http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/californian/

Eckert on California Vowels

California shift

Adolescent girls lead sound change Especially evident in “drama queens”

http://www.stanford.edu/~eckert/vowels.html

Vowel before becomes i  ɪ ŋ As rule: ɪ –> i / _ ŋ

New Info on California Vowels

Ladefoged 1999 reports that … California English is monophthongizing the e and o diphthongsɪ ʊ

e become e (though thereɪ ’s still a little off-glide so perhaps ej)

o becomes (interestingly ʊ ɔ not o)

The Californians

Recurring SNL skit

Listen for Mid vowels Glottal stops instead of /t/

http://www.hulu.com/watch/350669

Lumpy Space Princess (LSP)

From Adventure TimeShe shows characteristics of the

California monophthongization that Ladefoged discusses

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmC1vknpqgg

How would you describe LSP?

Nicknames

I hope you were thinking about nicknames and shortened references

What’s the relationship between common nicknames and the stress?

Examples of Christopher, Randolph, David, William, Kevin nicknames

For next class

Review all the transcription you have done so far

Working on the sheet on transcribing related words will help you build confidence in variation

Amount of aspiration

Record

Conduct

Suppose

Toddy

Record

Conduct

Supper

Today

Perfect Boston Accent

Medford City Councilor

FYI: “tot lot” is a little kid playground

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbK4cL3QSc0

Discuss typewriter a used in Boston accent

Tongue Twisters

She sells seashells by the seashore

She’s so sick and she’s so sore

A shout from the south sought the (sleeping) sheriff

Silver slivers simmer softly in the sunlight

What’s perseverating here?

Jacques Cousteau

Or Jacques Pepin

Dana Carvey as Jacques Cousteau SNL

http://www.break.com/tv-shows/saturday-night-live/dana-carvey-as-jacques-cousteau-2158938.html

Another stress tongue twister

Decide to de-stress not distress from your stress,

Decide to deplete and digress don't distress!

Do not be stressed by distress caused by stress,

Decisively set your own course for success.