Post on 31-Dec-2015
Civil WarNation Torn Apart
SSUSH9
Moving to War
Kansas-Nebraska Act:– Created 2 new territories north of 36º30’
parallel– Kansas and Nebraska
– Popular sovereignty (vote) decided issue of slavery
– Overturned Missouri Compromise
– “Bleeding Kansas”• Proslavery Missourians “Border Ruffians”
crossed state line into Kansas to claim land, hoped to make Kansas a slave state
– Rigged elections, recruited family and friends to cast illegal ballots, voted multiple times
• Abolitionists from north create “free-soil” towns
• Border Ruffians and free-soilers start own civil war in Kansas for power
Dred Scott Decision:1840’s - Slave in Missouri Sued to be free
had lived with owner in free state above 36º30’ parallel
1857 - Supreme Court refused to hear case
only citizens can file suit, slaves were property
Missouri Compromise was illegal
Government can not restrict movement of private property between states
Northern v Southern Reaction
What do you think reactions were?South
Southerners praised decision
NorthNortherners were horrified
Thousands protested
Some northern states nullified the decision
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
• John Brown– 1859– 20 men to federal arsenal in
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia – hoped to start a slave
rebellion– Did not mention to slaves –
none rose up– trapped in arsenal by Federal
troops– Arrested, tried and hung
Northern v Southern Reaction
• Southerners glad he was punished
• Became a national hero and patriot to Northerners• Reaction shocked South
Election of 1860 and Secession
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860PresidentialElection
1860PresidentialElection
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John BellConstitutional Union
John BellConstitutional Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
1860 electionLincoln wins by majority
South Carolina legislature votes to secedeElected President who was hostile to
slavery
February 1860Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama,
Louisiana, and Texas follow
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Federal fort off South Carolina coast South Carolina demand immediate
withdrawal of U.S. troops Lincoln refused South Carolina militiamen shelled fort
until the Union commander surrendered
Fall of Sumter convinced Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia to secede
1st battle of Civil War
THE WAR HAD BEGUN!!
Border States
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky and Missouri remained loyal to Union
West Virginia seceded from Virginia and joined Union as free state
Geographically split North from South
Would allow Union to show that slavery would still be allowed in Union
Civil WarBrother against Brother
Comparing North & South
Resource Union Confederate
Population 22 million 9 million
Railroads 21,700 miles 9,000 miles
Factories 110,100 20,600
Confederate Advantages
Military strategy: Superior military leaders No need to attack, just
avoid defeat
Morale: Most white southerners
willing to fight to protect their way of life.
Captive labor force Hope for help from
Europe
Union Advantages
Far more resources!
Large scale industrialization
Enormous population
More weaponry
Efficient Navy
What was Lincoln willing to do to save the country?
• Suspend constitutional rights!
1. Suspended writ of habeas corpus (protection against unlawful imprisonment)
a. Government arrested suspected Confederate sympathizers and held without trial
b. Declared martial law in 1861
2. Order naval blockade of all Southern ports
3. Increase size of army
4. Authorized illegal voting methods in border states
Key Figures
Ulysses S. Grant:Abolitionist &
Union commanderGraduated West
Point
Gained military experience in Mexican-American war
2 term president of U.S.
William T. ShermanUnion general
Headed the slash and burn March to the Sea
Gained good military experience in the Mexican-American war
Other jobs: banker, lawyer, college superintendent, Commanding General of US Army
Robert E. LeeGraduated West
Point top of his classColonel in U.S. ArmyVirginianGained military
experience in Mexican-American
war
Harper’s Ferry Raid
Commander of the Confederate Army
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson:Respected leader
of ConfederatesGained military
experience inMexican-
American war
Seemed to stand like a stone among fighting
Died 1863
Jefferson Davis American soldierU.S. Senator for
MississippiU.S. Representative for
MississippiU.S. Secretary of WarGraduated from West
PointFought in the Mexican-
American WarPresident of the
“Confederate States of America”
Battles, Speeches and Proclamations
AntietamSeptember 1862
Maryland
bloodiest day of the Civil War
13,000 Confederates, 12,000 Union soldiers died
Union victory!
Convinced Britain and France not to support Confederates
Emancipation ProclamationSeptember 1862Lincoln declared:
All slaves behind Confederate lines free
Did not free slaves in border states
Allowed free blacks to join Army and Navy
180, 000 free blacks served in Army30,000 served in Navy (1 in 4
sailors)
Siege of Vicksburg
Grant try to break forces in Vicksburg, MS Could not break decided to wait until starved
the Confederates out
Surrender of Confederates on July 4, 1863
Gave Union control of Mississippi River
Split Confederacy in half geographically
Gettysburg:3 days of bloodiest
fighting
Ended July 4, 1863
Turning point in war
50,000 dead both sides
Union victory, weakened Confederates
Gettysburg Address: “Four score and seven
years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…”
Outcome of war of utmost importance because it would prove to entire world if democracy can work
*dedicate portion of the battlefield as a cemetery
Gettysburg Address ends with…
“We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
Sherman’s March to the Sea:1864Ordered by Grant Go to Deep South and
destroy everything Union occupies Atlanta
and cuts off Confed. supplies
March to the SeaBurned Atlanta, marched toward Savannahdestroying everything
(homes, crops, railroads) along the way,
seized Savannah and moved north to Charleston, South Carolina
Surrender
• April 1865 Grant’s forces break through Lee’s defenses
• Burned Confederate capital at Richmond
• Confederates half starving and out gunned, Lee decides to surrender
• Lee unconditionally surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865
• Southerners given food for march home
• Union troops capture Jefferson Davis and others as they try to flee Virginia
THE WAR WAS OVER!
Casualties
623,000 People died in the Civil War!
More than any other war combined,Vietnam, American Revolution,
World War II, Korean War, etc….