CIVIL RIGHTS

NCHE - TEACHING AMERICAN HISTORY

Dekalb, Georgia

Allan M. Winkler

March 4, 2013

Personal Reflections

Questions to Consider• Why Did the Civil Rights Movement Gain Steam

in the 1950s?• What Were the Accomplishments of the 1960s?• How and Why Did the Civil Rights Movement

Change?• What Were the Long Term Results of the

Movement?

Background

• Civil Rights Efforts in the 1930s and 1940s• Issues

– The Anti-Lynching Campaign of the 1930s– Push for an End to Discrimination in the 1940s

• The Level of Presidential Leadership– FDR– Harry Truman

• Accomplishments– Integration of Baseball– Integration of the Armed Forces

Background• Civil Rights Efforts in the 1930s and 1940s• Issues

– The Anti-Lynching Campaign of the 1930s

– Push for an End to Discrimination in the 1940s

• The Level of Presidential Leadership– FDR

– Harry Truman

• Accomplishments– Integration of Baseball

– Integration of the Armed Forces

The 1950s

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)– NAACP and Background in the Case– Issues– The Ruling and Its Impact– The Little Rock Nine

• The Emmett Till Case (1955)• Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

– Effort of Rosa Parks– Results of the Campaign

• Emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. & SCLC• Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960

The 1950s

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)– NAACP and Background in the Case– Issues– The Ruling and Its Impact– The Little Rock Nine

• The Emmett Till Case (1955)• Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

– Effort of Rosa Parks– Results of the Campaign

• Emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. & SCLC• Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960

The 1950s

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)– NAACP and Background in the Case– Issues– The Ruling and Its Impact– The Little Rock Nine

• The Emmett Till Case (1955)• Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

– Effort of Rosa Parks– Results of the Campaign

• Emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. & SCLC• Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960

The 1950s

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)– NAACP and Background in the Case– Issues– The Ruling and Its Impact– The Little Rock Nine

• The Emmett Till Case (1955)• Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

– Effort of Rosa Parks– Results of the Campaign

• Emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. & SCLC• Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960

The 1950s

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)– NAACP and Background in the Case– Issues– The Ruling and Its Impact

• The Emmett Till Case (1955)• Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

– Effort of Rosa Parks– Results of the Campaign

• Emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. & SCLC• Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960

The 1960s

• Growing Pressures– Sit-Ins & SNCC– Freedom Rides & CORE– The Campaign in Birmingham

• The Impact of Music– The Folk Song Revival– “We Shall Overcome”

The 1960s

• Growing Pressures– Sit-Ins & SNCC– Freedom Rides & CORE– The Campaign in Birmingham

• The Impact of Music– The Folk Song Revival– “We Shall Overcome”

The 1960s

• Growing Pressures– Sit-Ins & SNCC– Freedom Rides & CORE– The Campaign in Birmingham

• The Impact of Music– The Folk Song Revival– “We Shall Overcome”

The 1960s

• Growing Pressures– Sit-Ins & SNCC– Freedom Rides & CORE– The Campaign in Birmingham

• The Impact of Music– The Folk Song Revival– “We Shall Overcome”

The 1960s (continued)

• The March on Washington

• The Halting Efforts of JFK

• The Aggressive Efforts of LBJ– Civil Rights Act of 1964– Voting Rights Act of 1965

The 1960s (continued)

• The March on Washington

• The Halting Efforts of JFK

• The Aggressive Efforts of LBJ– Civil Rights Act of 1964– Voting Rights Act of 1965

The 1960s (continued)

• The March on Washington

• The Halting Efforts of JFK

• The Aggressive Efforts of LBJ– Civil Rights Act of 1964– Voting Rights Act of 1965

Shifts in the Movement

• Freedom Summer (in Mississippi)– Mississippi Burning– The Miami University Civil Rights Memorial

• The Impact of Malcolm X

• Stokely Carmichael and Black Power

• The Black Panthers

• Violence in the Streets

Shifts in the Movement

• Freedom Summer (in Mississippi)– Mississippi Burning– The Miami University Civil Rights Memorial

• The Impact of Malcolm X• The Example of Muhammad Ali• Stokely Carmichael and Black Power• The Olympic Protest• The Black Panthers• Violence in the Streets

Shifts in the Movement

• Freedom Summer (in Mississippi)– Mississippi Burning– The Miami University Civil Rights Memorial

• The Impact of Malcolm X• The Example of Muhammad Ali• Stokely Carmichael and Black Power• The Olympic Protest• The Black Panthers• Violence in the Streets

Shifts in the Movement

• Freedom Summer (in Mississippi)– Mississippi Burning– The Miami University Civil Rights Memorial

• The Impact of Malcolm X• The Example of Muhammad Ali• Stokely Carmichael and Black Power• The Olympic Protest• The Black Panthers• Violence in the Streets

Shifts in the Movement

• Freedom Summer (in Mississippi)– Mississippi Burning– The Miami University Civil Rights Memorial

• The Impact of Malcolm X• The Example of Muhammad Ali• Stokely Carmichael and Black Power• The Olympic Protest• The Black Panthers• Violence in the Streets

Shifts in the Movement

• Freedom Summer (in Mississippi)– Mississippi Burning– The Miami University Civil Rights Memorial

• The Impact of Malcolm X• The Example of Muhammad Ali• Stokely Carmichael and Black Power• The Olympic Protest• The Black Panthers• Violence in the Streets

Legacy of the Movement

• Gains

• Limitations