CITATIONS:HOW TO CITE WITHIN A

RESEARCH PAPER

By: Mr. Ochoa

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

"The action or practice of taking someone else's

work and passing it off as one's own; literary theft."-

Oxford English Dictionary• Copying from a website• Taking another person’s essay or ideas• Copying and pasting• Failing to use quotation marks

WHEN DO I NEED TO CITE?

When you use sources that aren't your own original

words or ideas, whether you're quoting it or re-

writing it, you still need to cite it!

WHAT DO I NOT HAVE TO CITE?

Common Knowledge• The U.S. declared independence from Great Britain• The sun rises in the east and sets in the west• H20 is the chemical formula for water

DIRECT QUOTATIONS

This is when you quote material exactly the way it

is in the article.

SAMPLE SENTENCE

According to Funk & Wagnalls New

World Encyclopedia, “Babe Ruth

began his pro career in 1914 as a

pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of

the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #1

Rule #1: Reference the source at the beginning of

the sentence• According to Funk & Wagnalls, • Funk & Wagnalls state….• The authors state or the author states…

Notice that there is a comma after you introduce the source

According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe

Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the

Baltimore Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #2

Rule #2: Use quotation marks

Notice that the words from the article are in quotations.

The quotations surround all of the words that are not

your own

According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe

Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the Baltimore

Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #3

Rule #3: Cite your source at the end of the sentence

The first word from the MLA citation should appear in parenthesis

If you have multiple sources with the same first word, use the

second word. We have to be able to find it easily on the annotated

bibliography.• For instance if you might have the following sources• Babe Ruth. Legends of Baseball…• Babe Ruth. ESPN• One would be cited like this (Legends).• The other would be cited like this (ESPN).

PARAPHRASE

This is when you put the quotation in to your own

words.

RULES #1-#3

Rule #1: Introduce your source

Rule #2: No quotations

Rule #3: Cite your source• End your citations when you are done. See sample

essay

PARAPHRASE

Exact Quotation:• “Babe Ruth began playing baseball when he was a

child. A priest at the orphanage helped teach Ruth the fundamentals of the game. Before long, Ruth became a dominant hitter.”

Choose 3-4 key words or phrases. Then, put it into

your own words

Ruth was taken in by a priest who turned him into a

dominant player (Columbia 34).

BLOCK QUOTING

When you directly cite more than three lines

Indent the long quotation.

In "American Origins of the Writing-across-the-

Curriculum Movement," David Russell argues:“Writing has been an issue in American secondary and higher education since papers and examinations came into wide use in the 1870s, eventually driving out formal recitation and oral examination” (Russell 56).

EXTRA RULES

Create an interesting title

You need an attention getter, link, and thesis

Quotations that are longer than 3 lines should be

block quoted

YOUR TURN

Read the article

Create a direct quotation.

Create a paraphrase quotation.

Create a block quote.