Assessing the Risk of Identity and Access

Venkat Rajaji VP Product Management and Marketing- Courion Corporation

@vrajaji June 10, 2015

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Courion Mission

Help customers succeed in a world of open access and increasing threats.

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Customer Need

Mobile Apps Cloud Systems & Apps

Data

Resources

Assets

Systems & Apps

ACCESS

Ensure the Right People

have the Right Access

to the Right Resources

and are doing the Right Things

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The Stresses and Strains of Access

Mobility Cloud App Adoption

Virtualization New App Roll outs System Upgrades New Infrastructure

INFRASTRUCTURE  

Reorganization New Product Intro

Union Strikes Merger & Acquisitions

Geographic Expansion New Partnerships

BUSINESS  CHANGE  Hiring Promotions Transfers Termination Project Teams Customer Acquisition Customer Management

ROUTINE  CHANGE  

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) ~ PCAOB ~ SAS 94 ~ AICPA/CICA Privacy Framework ~ AICPA Suitable Trust Services Criteria ~ SEC Retention of Records, 17 CFR 210.2-06 ~ SEC Controls and Procedures, 17 CFR 240.15d-15 ~ SEC Reporting Transactions and Holdings, 17 CFR 240.16a-3 ~ Basel II ~ BIS Sound Practices for the Management and Supervision of Operational Risk ~ Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB) ~ Standards for Safeguarding Customer Info., FTC 16 CFR 314 ~ Privacy of Consumer Financial Info. Rule ~ Safety and Soundness Standards, Appendix of 12 CFR 30 ~ FFIEC Info. Security ~ FFIEC Development Acquisition ~ FFIEC Business Continuity Planning ~ FFIEC Audit ~ FFIEC Management ~ FFIEC Operations ~ NASD ~ NYSE ~ Recordkeeping rule for securities exchanges, SEC 17 CFR 240.17a-1 ~ Records to be made by exchange members, SEC 17 CFR 240.17a-3 ~ Records to be preserved by exchange members, SEC 17 CFR 240.17a-4 ~ Recordkeeping, SEC 17 CFR 240.17Ad-6 ~ Record retention, SEC 17 CFR 240.17Ad-7 ~ HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) ~ HIPAA HCFA Internet Security Policy ~ NIST Introductory Resource Guide for [HIPAA] (800-66) ~ CMS Core Security Requirements (CSR) ~ CMS Info. Security Acceptable Risk Safeguards (ARS) ~ CMS Info. Security Certification & Accreditation (C&A) ~ FDA Electronic Records; Electronic Signatures 21 CFR Part 11+D1 ~ Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) ~ North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) ~ VISA CISP (Cardholder Info. Security Program) ~ Mastercard SDP (Site Data Protection) Program ~ American Express DSS (Data Security Standard) ~ PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) ~ FTC ESIGN (Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act) ~ Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) ~ FISMA (Federal Info. Security Management Act) ~ FISCAM (Federal Info. System Controls Audit Manual) ~ FIPS Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules 140-2 ~ FIPS Guideline for the Analysis of LAN Security 191 ~ FIPS Application Profile for GILS 192 ~ Clinger-Cohen Act (Info. Technology Management Reform Act) ~ National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace ~ GAO Financial Audit Manual ~ DOD ...Standard for Electronic Records Management Software...5015-2 ~ CISWG Report on the Best Practices Subgroup ~ CISWG Info. Security Program Elements ~ NCUA Guidelines for Safeguarding Member Info. 12 CFR 748 ~ IRS Revenue Procedure: Retention of books and records 97-22 ~ IRS Revenue Procedure: Record retention: automatic data processing… 98-25 ~ IRS Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3) ~ Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ~ Uniform Rules of Civil Procedure ~ ISO 15489-1 Info. and Documentation: Records mgmt.: General ~ ISO 15489-2 Info. and Documentation: Records management: Guidelines ~ DIRKS: A Strategic Approach to Managing Business Info. ~ Sedona Principles Addressing Elec. Document Production ~ NIST ...Principles and Practices for Securing IT Systems 800-14 ~ NIST ...Developing Security Plans for Federal Info. Systems 800-18 ~ NIST Security Self-Assessment Guide... 800-26 ~ NIST Risk Management Guide... 800-30 ~ NIST Contingency Planning Guide... 800-34 ~ NIST ...Patch and Vulnerability Management Program 800-40 ~ NIST Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy 800-41 ~ NIST Security Controls for Federal Info. Sys 800-53 ~ NIST ...Mapping...Info. and...Systems to Security Categories 800-60 ~ NIST Computer Security Incident Handling Guide 800-61 ~ NIST Security Considerations in...Info. Sys Development 800-64 ~ ISO 73:2002 Risk management -- Vocabulary ~ ISO 1335 Info. technology – Guidelines for management of IT Security ~ ISO 17799:2000 Code of Practice for Info. Security Management ~ ISO 27001:2005 ...Info. Security Management Systems -- Requirements ~ IT Info. Library (ITIL) Planning to Implement Service Management ~ IT Info. Library (ITIL) ICT Infrastructure Management ~ IT Info. Library (ITIL) Service Delivery ~ IT Info. Library (ITIL) Service Support ~ IT Info. Library (ITIL) App. Management ~ IT Info. Library (ITIL) Security Management ~ COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework ~ CobiT 3rd Edition ~ CobiT 4th Edition ~ ISACA IS Standards, Guidelines, and Procedures for Auditing and Control... ~ NFPA 1600 ...Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity... ~ Info. Security Forum (ISF) Standard of Good Practice ~ Info. Security Forum (ISF) Security Audit of Networks ~ A Risk Management Standard, jointly issued by AIRMIC, ALARM, and IRM ~ Business Continuity Institute (BCI) Good Practice Guidelines ~ IIA Global Technology Audit Guide - Info. Technology Controls ~ ISSA Generally Accepted Info. Security Principles (GAISP) ~ CERT Operationally Critical Threat, Asset & Vulnerability Evaluation (OCTAVE) ~ Cable Communications Privacy Act Title 47 § 551 ~ Telemarketing Sales Rule (TSR) amendment 16 CFR 310.4(b)(3)(iv) ~ CAN SPAM Act ~ Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) 16 CFR 312 ~ Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) 16 CFR 312 ~ Driver's Privacy Protection Act (DPPA) 18 USC 2721 ~ Family Education Rights Privacy Act (FERPA) 20 USC 1232 ~ Privacy Act of 1974 5 USC 552a ~ Telemarketing Sales Rule (TSR) 16 CFR 310 ~ Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA) 18 USC 2710 ~ Specter-Leahy Personal Data Privacy and Security Act ~ AR Personal Info. Protection Act SB 1167 ~ AZ Amendment to Arizona Revised Statutes 13-2001 HB 2116 ~ CA Info. Practice Act SB 1386 ~ CA General Security Standard for Businesses AB 1950 ~ CA Public Records Military Veteran Discharge Documents AB 1798 ~ CA OPP Recommended Practices on Notification of Security Breach ~ CO Prohibition against Using Identity Info. for Unlawful Purpose HB 1134 ~ CO Consumer Credit Solicitation Protection HB 1274 ~ CO Prohibiting Inclusion of Social Security Number HB 1311 ~ CT Requiring Consumer Credit Bureaus to Offer Security Freezes SB 650 ~ CT Concerning Nondisclosure of Private Tenant Info. HB 5184 ~ DE Computer Security Breaches HB 116 ~ FL Personal Identification Info./Unlawful Use HB 481 ~ GA Consumer Reporting Agencies SB 230 ~ GA Public employees; Fraud, Waste, and Abuse HB 656 ~ HI Exempting disclosure of Social Security numbers HB 2674 ~ IL Personal Info. Protection Act HB 1633 ~ IN Release of Social Security Number, Notice of Security Breach SB 503 ~ LADatabase Security Breach Notification Law SB 205 Act 499 ~ ME To Protect ME Citizens from Identity Theft LD 1671 ~ MN Data Warehouses; Notice Required for Certain Disclosures HF 2121 ~ MO HB 957 ~ MT To Implement Individual Privacy and to Prevent Identity Theft HB 732 ~ NJ Identity Theft Prevention Act A4001/S1914 ~ NY A4254, A3492 [no title] ~ NV SB 347 [no title] ~ NC Security Breach Notification Law (Identity Theft Protection Act) SB 1048 ~ ND Personal Info. protection act SB 2251 ~ OH Personal Info. -- contact if unauthorized access HB 104 ~ RI Security Breach Notification Law H 6191 ~ TN Security Breach Notification SB 2220 ~ TX Identity Theft Enforcement and Protection Act SB 122 ~ VT Relating to Identity Theft HB 327 ~ VA Identity theft; penalty; restitution; victim assistance HB 872 ~ WA Notice of a breach of the security SB 6043 ~ EU Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications 2002/58/EC ~ EU Directive on Data Protection 95/46/EC ~ US Department of Commerce EU Safe Harbor Privacy Principles ~ ...Consumer Interests in the Telecommunications Market Act No. 661 ~ Directive On Privacy And Electronic Communications 2002.58.EC ~ OECD Technology Risk Checklist ~ OECD Guidelines on...Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data ~ UN Guidelines for the Regulation of Computerized Personal Data Files (1990) ~ ISACA Cross-border Privacy Impact Assessment ~ The Combined Code on Corporate Governance ~ Turnbull Guidance on Internal Control, UK FRC ~ Smith Guidance on Audit Comm. Combined Code, UK FRC ~ UK Data Protection Act of 1998 ~ BS 15000-1 IT Service Management Standard ~ BS 15000-2 IT Service Management Standard - Code of Practice ~ Canada Keeping the Promise for a Strong Economy Act Bill 198 ~ Canada Personal Info. Protection and Electronic Documents Act ~ Canada Privacy Policy and Principles ~ Argentina Personal Data Protection Act ~ Mexico Federal Personal Data Protection Law ~ Austria Data Protection Act ~ Austria Telecommunications Act ~ Bosnia Law on Protection of Personal Data ~ Czech Republic Personal Data Protection Act ~ Denmark Act on Competitive Conditions and Consumer Interests ~ Finland Personal Data Protection Act ~ Finland Amendment of the Personal Data Act ~ France Data Protection Act ~ German Federal Data Protection Act ~ Greece Law on Personal Data Protection ~ Hungary Protection of Personal Data and Disclosure of Data of Public Interest ~ Iceland Protection of Privacy as regards the Processing of Personal Data ~ Ireland Data Protection Act ~ Ireland Data Protection Amendment 2003 ~ Italy Personal Data Protection Code ~ Italy Protection of Individuals with Regard to...Processing of Personal Data ~ Lithuania Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data ~ Luxembourg Data Protection Law ~ Netherlands Personal Data Protection Act ~ Poland Protection of Personal Data Act ~ Slovak Republic Protection of Personal Data in Info. Systems ~ Slovenia Personal Data Protection Act ~ South Africa Promotion of Access to Info. Act ~ Spain Organic law on the Protection of Personal Data ~ Sweden Personal Data Act ~ Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection ~ Australian Business Continuity Management Guide ~ Australia Spam Act of 2003 ~ Australia Privacy Amendment Act ~ Australia Telecommunications Act ~ Australia Spam Act 2003: A Practical Guide for Business ~ Hong Kong Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance ~ Hong Kong Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance ~ India Info.Privacy Act ~ Japan Guidelines for Personal Data Protection in Electronic Commerce, ECOM ~ Japan Handbook Concerning Protection of Intl’Data, MITI ~ Japan Personal Info. Protection Act ~ Korea Act on the Promotion of Info....Protection ~ Korea Act on the Protection of Personal Info....by Public Agencies ~ Korea Use and Protection of Credit Info. Act ~ New Zealand Privacy Act ~ Taiwan Computer-Processed Personal Data Protection Law

Along comes regulation

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Who has access to

what?

What does that access allow them to do?

Why do they need that access?

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§ A broader and ever exploding attack surface and diversity of infrastructure § Super sophisticated attacker ecosystem

•  Looking for weaknesses in the infrastructure •  Armed with an increasingly sophisticated and specialized tools and services

Result…

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Source: Verizon 2015 PCI Compliance Report

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Source: PWC Global State of Information Security Survey, 2015

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Top Audit Findings

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Lack of sufficient segregation of duties

Removal of access following a transfer or termination

Excessive developers' access to production systems and data

Excessive acess rights

30%

18%

22%

31%

31%

27%

31%

38%

28%

29%

29%

36%

2012 2010 2009

Source: Deloitte Global Financial Services Security Survey http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Financial-Services/dttl-fsi-SecurityStudy2012.pdf

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Source: Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, 2015

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Identity and Access Detection

Agree

Disagree

Don't Know

Our organization is able to detect if access credentials are misused, or stolen

42%

29% 29%

http://www.courion.com/company/pressreleases.html?id=1093

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66 percent of board members are not confident of their companies' ability to defend

themselves against cyberattacks. Only 4 percent said they were "very" confident.

– CSOOnline.com

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Less than 40% of cases organization identifies breach themselves

Source: Verizon 2015 Data Breach Investigations Report

Average time breached before noticed is 225 days Source: Ponemon Institute, 2015 HP Sponsored Security Survey

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The Elements of Attack

MALWARE, PHISHING

COMMAND &

CONTROL

LATERAL MOVEMENT

ACCESS TARGET

PACKAGE &

EXFILTRATE BREACH

LIFECYCLE

Anti-virus Anti-malware

DLP SIEM Deep Packet Inspection

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85%

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Identity and Access Management Controls

Provisioning

Governance

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The Compliance Process

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So… Do you Really Need that Access?

Overcoming the sometimes blind faith that recertification is a panacea.

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Privileged accounts, unnecessary entitlements are the access risks that cause the most anxiety

10.4%

11.9%

31.1%

46.7%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

ORPHANED ACCOUNTS - accounts with no adminstrative oversight

ABANDONED ACCOUNTS - accounts inactive for a time period exceeding policy

UNNECESSARY ENTITLEMENTS - unneeded or excess access privileges, often in conflict with SoD practices

PRIVILEGED ACCOUNTS - accounts with increased levels of permission that provide elevated access to critical

networks, systems, applications or transactions

http://www.courion.com/company/pressreleases.html?id=1093

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The Big Data Issue of IAM

Trillions of access relationships

100’s of policies & regulations

POLICIES

1000’s of applications, file shares & resources

RESOURCES

Millions of actions

ACTIVITY

100’s of thousands of

access rights & roles

RIGHTS

100,000’s of people, millions

of identities

IDENTITY

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Before App A

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

App B App C App D App E

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After

App A

App B

App C

App D

App E

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 …. User 11,243 User 11,244 User 11,255 …. User N

HR System

App A App B App C App D App E

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Intelligent Governance

•  New account created outside provisioning system

•  High risk application •  High risk set of entitlements •  Employee not in HR system

…another

…and another

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Provisioning Today

Provisioning

Request

Policy

Evaluation

Approval

Fulfillment

Reject

Request

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Intelligent Provisioning

Provisioning

Request

Policy

Evaluation

Fulfillment

Risk

Scoring

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Intelligent Provisioning

Provisioning

Request

Approval

Fulfillment

Reject

Request

Policy

Evaluation

Risk

Scoring

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Intelligent Provisioning

Provisioning

Request

Policy

Evaluation

Approval

Fulfillment

Additional Approval

Reject

Request

Risk

Scoring

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IAM Evolution

Benefits IAM Generation

1.0 Provisioning led

Improved Service §  Efficiency §  Quality

§  Transaction and event driven §  P/W mgmt. and user

provisioning

Improved Security §  Compliance §  Security

§  Policy enforced §  Consistent process

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IAM Evolution

Benefits IAM Generation

1.0 Provisioning led

2.0 Governance led

Improved Service §  Efficiency §  Quality

§  Transaction and event driven

§  P/W mgmt. and user provisioning

§  Automated certification review

§  Pleasant user experience

Improved Security §  Compliance §  Security

§  Policy enforced §  Consistent process

§  Audit requirements §  Consistent process

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IAM Evolution

Benefits IAM Generation

1.0 Provisioning led

2.0 Governance led

3.0 Intelligence led

Improved Service §  Efficiency §  Quality

§  Transaction and event driven

§  P/W mgmt. and user provisioning

§  Automated certification review

§  Pleasant user experience

§  Evolutionary: Enables better decision making in real-time

§  Revolutionary: See and act on things impossible to see before

Improved Security §  Compliance §  Security

§  Policy enforced

§  Consistent process

§  Audit requirements

§  Consistent process

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“By year-end 2020, identity analytics and intelligence (IAI) tools will deliver

direct business value in 60% of enterprises, up from <5% today.”

Intelligent IAM

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Continuous Monitoring & Analytics

Governance Provisioning

Intelligent IAM

Policy