CIMMYT’s activities to enhance productivity and promote maize excellence in Pakistan

AbduRahman Beshir (PhD)CIMMYT-Pakistana.issa@cgiar.orgwww.cimmyt.org

3rd May 2014, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Outline

CIMMYT and its GMP at a glance

Significance and trend of maize in Pakistan

Challenges for discussion

AIP-maize

HTMA project in Pakistan

Partnership and upcoming actvities

CIMMYT and its Global Maize Program

A non-profit R4D international organization

Research in the 1940-50s and officially in 1966

> 700 staff from 38 countries in 18 offices

A major custodian of world’s maize and wheat

150,000 wheat and 27,000 maize accessions

CIMMYT’s Global Programs (GMP,GWP,CAP, SEP,GRP)

CIMMYT’s Global Maize Program

Maize cobs from a single field near Toluca, Mexico,

CIMMYT’s-GMP

Use maize genetic resources to provide high yielding varieties that

withstand biotic and abiotic stresses

Conduct research in crop and natural resource management

Work with partners to generate and share knowledge and techniques

Offer training in maize breeding and crop management systems

About 50 internationally recruited scientists mainly based in Asia,

Africa and Latin America

GMP projects: DTMA,IMAS,IRMA,WEMA,HTMA…

MAIZE-CRP (http://maize.org)

Significance and trend of maize in Pakistan

The third most important cereal crop

Area coverage 1.14 million ha. (PBS,2013)

First in productivity among all cereals

In an increasing trend in the past and projected to

increase in the future

Maize production increased by 76% (1994-2013)

Food, feed and alternative energy

Maize in comparison to other cereals (PBS, 2013)

Area(million ha)

Nationalaverage (t ha-1)

Area Production Productivity

Wheat 8.7 2.8 -2.69 -3.61 -1.3

Rice 2.3 2.4 -2.4 14.8 17.6

Maize 1.14 4.4 14.5 26 13.6

Year 2012/13 levels % change from 2010/11 level

Challenges for discussion

Germplasm/product development

Between 1993-2011/12 a total of 16 varieties developed (6

hybrids) by NARS, multinational companies (?)

India 107 varieties (64 hybrids) between 1993-2012

South Africa > 400 registered varieties by March 2012

Single cross vs. other types of hybrids

Climate resilient maize (DT , HT, Low N, Water

efficient…abiotic stress)

Maize tolerant to biotic stress (stem borer, weevils…)

Nutritionally enhanced maize (QPM, Provit A, Zinc )

Challenges…continued

Maize agronomy/husbandry

62.5 kg ha-1 vs. 25 kg ha-1 seed rate for OPVs and hybrids

respectively

Mechanization/rural technologies: planters, harvesters, corn

Sheller, cob dryers….etc

Optimum number and time of irrigation

Wheat-potato-maize vs. wheat-cotton-maize (cropping

systems , soil conservation and role of legumes)

Climate change: planting and harvesting dates…

Zero visibility and low dry down

Challenges…continued

The maize seed system

Potential demand for certified seed

Current formal supply less than 40%

The informal sector

About 85% of hybrid seed is import

Local seed production and variety protection

High seed price (seed : grain ratio)

Local capacity in hybrid seed production

Diseases

Climate

change

BreedingAgronomy

Projected demand by 2050 (FAO)

Wo

rld

-wid

e a

ve

rag

e y

ield

(to

ns h

a-1

)

Linear extrapolations of current trends

Water, nut rient &

energy scarcity

Potential effect of climate-change-induced heat stress on today’s cultivars (intermediate CO2 emission scenario)

Year

Source: M. Banziger power point presentation

AIP maize-commissioned projects

Climate resilient maize

Bio fortified maize

Maize tolerant to abiotic stresses

Enhancing the maize seed sector

AIP maize activites

Maize working group meeting

Seven trials, more than 215 maize varieties

Small grant allocated for partners

Public -Private variety evaluation network

Training opportunities on maize breeding and

quality seed production

Facilitated Pakistan to be on the list of international

maize testing network

Partner institution/center Institution name in short

No. of trials

Maize and Millet Research Institute (MMRI) MMRI 4 Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI) CCRI 5 National Agricultural Research Institute (NARC) NARC 7

Jullundur Private Ltd JPL 3

Four brothers seed company 4B 3

Ali Akbar Group AA group 2

ICI Pakistan Ltd ICI 2

Petal Seed Company PeSC 1

Agriculturla Research Inistitute - Balochistan/Quetta ARI-Quetta 1

Agricultural Research Institute Tandojam (ARIT)-Sindh ARI-Sindh 1

Agricultural Research Institute Gilgi Biltistan ARI- Gigit 1

University of Agriculture Faisalabad UAF 1

University of Agriculture Peshawar UAP 1

AIP maize trials distribution

Heat Stress Tolerant Maize for Asia

(HTMA)A Public-Private alliance for

development & deployment heat stress-

resilient maize hybrids in South Asia

(Acknowledgment: P.H. Zaidi-CIM-Hyderabad)

Heat tolerant commercial hybrids

currently marketed by Pioneer

and Monsanto, respectively

Gra

in y

ield

(t/

ha)

un

der

hea

t s

tre

ss

Green bars = commercial checks

Red bar = Worst entry

1st set of heat tolerant hybrids

Partnership and upcoming activities

• CIMMYT needs your partnership to enhance the livelihood ofresource poor farmers

• We will work with you in germplasm exchange, capacity buildingand knowledge sharing

• Upcoming activities

– Summer season trials

– Training opportunities:

• 29-30 May 2014 Maize breeding and seed production-Sahiwal

• Sept./Oct 2014 Maize seed production and QPM breeding-Pakistan

• 27-29 Oct. 2014 12th Asian maize conference-Hanoi-Vietnam

• Nov./2014 Developing insect tolerant maize-Pakistan

• CIMMYT is here to compliment your effort not to replace !!

Thank you!