Hydrogen-CNG

Code development in India

Codes and Standards Conference

NextEnergy Center

Detroit, MI

Tom Joseph

September 21, 2010

Overview

• CNG as a fuel in India

• Hydrogen sources

• H-CNG as a fuel

• Challenges of CNG Fuel Codes and

Standards

• H-CNG Code Development

NG Pipeline Network

CNG Fueling Code

• ISO standards and NFPA 52

• Challenges

• Periodic Inspection protocols missing

• Retrofitting shops

• Component sourcing

• Cylinder life• 2 fills per day assumed in NGV-2

• 4 to 5 fills per day possible

• Repair Shops

• Adapters

CNG technology summary

• 100s of stations

• State and Central government support

• One of the few countries with broad

implementation of the technology

• Public acceptance of CNG as a fuel

• Industry maturing

• Component suppliers

• System integrators

• Regulations

• Inspections

Why H-CNG in India

• Reduces exhaust emissions• Reduces NOx by >50%

• NOx is a key constituent of photochemical haze/smog

• In many areas the level of NOx governs air quality

• Provides inexpensive means in meeting emission standards

• Improves engine efficiency

• Serves as important intermediate step towards H2 infrastructure development• Existing natural gas and hydrogen sources &

infrastructure

Hydrogen sources in India

� Petroleum Refining Industry

� 99.9% by volume

� Fertilizer Industry

� Chlor-alkali Industry (by-product)

� 99.99% by volume

� Indian Space Agency (ISRO) liquefiers

Courtesy:

Center for Alternative Energy Research

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

H2 from Refineries

2007-08

� Total H2 generating capacity of all Indian Refineries was 1,690,935 MT.

� Actual H2 producedwas 1,461,778 MT.

� Potential surpluscapacity: 229,157 MT

Chlor-alkali plants

H2 is the by-product in Chlor-Alkali industry whileits main product is caustic soda.

NaCl+ H2O NaOH + H2 + Cl2

Utilization of Hydrogen in Chlor-alkali Plants

Electrolysis

HydrogenHCl1

Sold

Flared

CCU2

1= Hydrochloric Acid

2 = Caustic Concentration Unit

Chlor-alkali plants

2007-08

� Installedcapacity ofcaustic soda:2.91 MMT

� H2Generatingcapacity:73,209.07 MT

� H2 produced:64,381.13 MT

� Surplus H2

capacity:8827.94 MT

Chlor-alkali plants

2007-08

� CaptiveConsumption of H2

47,871 MT

� H2 sold was9336 MT

� H2 vented7174 MT

H-CNG Fueling Codes

H2 Blend8 bar H2

NG

500 bar H2

30 to 40 bar NG

DispensingStations

200 bar HCNG250 bar NG

Compression BlendingSource

System similarities with H2 and CNG

H-CNG Fuel Code Development

• Oil India Safety Directorate (OISD) initiative

• Revising CNG regulation to include H-CNG

• Based on NFPA 52 2006 edition• H2 up to 20% by volume considered as CNG

• Other standards through reference• ASME B31.3 for piping systems

• ASME Section VIII Div 1 (IBR)

• Identified requirements• Certified components and systems

• Quality of gas

• Odorization

• Hydrogen components by default

• Challenges

• Periodic Inspection protocols

• Retrofitting shops

• Component sourcing

• Cylinder life• 2 fills per day assumed in NGV-2

• 4 to 5 fills per day possible

• Repair Shops

• Adapters

H-CNG Fuel Code Development

H-CNG Fuel Code Development

• H-CNG related challenges • Based on NFPA 52 2006 edition

• H2 Up to 20% by volume considered as CNG

• CNG nozzle

• CNG vehicles converted

• Fuel tanks are CNG cylinders• High strength steels

• Cylinder life

H-CNG Fuel Code Development

• ISO TC 22 SC meeting • Pune (near Mumbai); week of Nov 22nd

• Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)• H-CNG nozzle specification

• Review of 11114-1 & 4

• International workshop on H-CNG • Delhi; week of December 6th.

• Follow-up to DC workshop (2009)

• On board storage

• Refueling nozzle standard

• Co-location of fuels

Thank you

bh2i@ptd.net

610 762 1706